ReviewPLoS pathogens2009
Chlamydia trachomatis infection and anti-Hsp60 immunity: the two sides of the coin.
Review in PLoS pathogens, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating biomarkers of infection and endometrial cancer risk.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Article
- Hsp60-Bearing Exosomes inCells · 2025Review
- UnveilingiScience · 2025Article
- HSP60 and SARS-CoV-2: Les Liaisons Dangereuses.Biology · 2025Review
- The effect of the pandemic on autoantibody rates in the general population.Archives of rheumatology · 2024Article
- Irradiated whole cell Chlamydia vaccine confers significant protection in a murine genital tract challenge model.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Exosome regulation of immune response mechanism: Pros and cons in immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2024Article
- Molecular mimicry, hyperactive immune system, and SARS-COV-2 are three prerequisites of the autoimmune disease triangle following COVID-19 infection.International immunopharmacology · 2022Review
- Bacteria-Mediated Oncogenesis and the Underlying Molecular Intricacies: What We Know So Far.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer: possible role of mimicry of human molecules by viral proteins and the resulting anti-cancer immunity.Cell stress & chaperones · 2021Review
- Heat shock protein 60 and cardiovascular diseases: An intricate love-hate story.Medicinal research reviews · 2021Review
- Immunoserologic Detection and Diagnostic Relevance of Cross-Reactive Autoantibodies in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19.Cell stress & chaperones · 2020Article
- Does SARS-CoV-2 Trigger Stress-InducedAutoimmunity by Molecular Mimicry? A Hypothesis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Is COVID-19 a proteiform disease inducing also molecular mimicry phenomena?Cell stress & chaperones · 2020Article
- Chronic Inflammatory Diseases at Secondary Sites Ensuing Urogenital or PulmonaryMicroorganisms · 2020Review
- Hsp60 Post-translational Modifications: Functional and Pathological Consequences.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2020Review
- Probiotics Can Cure Oral Aphthous-Like Ulcers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Review of the Literature and a Working Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- A primary study on genes with selected mutations by in vitro passage of Chlamydia muridarum strains.Pathogens and disease · 2019Article
- Hsp60 as a Novel Target in IBD Management: A Prospect.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection is one of the most common causes of reproductive tract diseases and infertility. CT-Hsp60 is synthesized during infection and is released in the bloodstream. As a consequence, immune cells will produce anti-CT-Hsp60 antibodies. Hsp60, a ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved chaperonin, is normally sequestered inside the cell, particularly into mitochondria. However, upon cell stress, as well as during carcinogenesis, the chaperonin becomes exposed on the cell surface (sf-Hsp60) and/or is secreted from cells into the extracellular space and circulation. Reports in the literature on circulating Hsp and anti-Hsp antibodies are in many cases short on details about Hsp60 concentrations, and about the specificity spectra of the antibodies, their titers, and their true, direct, pathogenetic effects. Thus, more studies are still needed to obtain a definitive picture on these matters. Nevertheless, the information already available indicates that the concurrence of persistent CT infection and appearance of sf-Hsp60 can promote an autoimmune aggression towards stressed cells and the development of diseases such as autoimmune arthritis, multiple sclerosis, atherosclerosis, vasculitis, diabetes, and thyroiditis, among others. At the same time, immunocomplexes composed of anti-CT-Hsp60 antibodies and circulating Hsp60 (both CT and human) may form deposits in several anatomical locations, e.g., at the glomerular basal membrane. The opposite side of the coin is that pre-tumor and tumor cells with sf-Hsp60 can be destroyed with participation of the anti-Hsp60 antibody, thus stopping cancer progression before it is even noticed by the patient or physician.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.