ArticleNature protocols2009
Multi-stage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin: fundamentals and applications.
Article in Nature protocols, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 303 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
303 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized trial of calcipotriol combined with 5-fluorouracil for skin cancer precursor immunotherapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2017Trial
- Pro-Carcinogenic Implications of Folic Acid Supplementation During Chemically Induced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Mice.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Article
- Platinum(IV) Complexes Suppress Tumor Growth in MDA-MB-231 Cells and a DMBA- Induced Mammary Carcinoma Model.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Intrinsic anti-tumorigenic properties of the skin epithelium promote cancer resistance in naked mole-rats.iScience · 2026Article
- Development of an immunocompetent cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma model identifies VISTA and CTLA-4 as targetable immune checkpoints.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Oncogenic Ras drives EED degradation and PRC2 dysfunction to promote aggressive squamous cell carcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the skin carcinogenicity of the TRPV1 antagonist motugivatrep (SJP-0132) using an ultra-short-term two-stage skin carcinogenesis assay in Tg-rasH2 mice.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2026Article
- CIT tumor lines: A series of immunogenic murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from chemical carcinogenesis.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2026Article
- Non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of tumor initiation and relapse by chromosomal instability.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Resistance to tumorigenesis in the african spiny mouse (Acomys) correlates with upregulation of multiple tumor suppressor genes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Histone methylation defines c-Jun/Sox2/Hif1α axis that controls stemness and tumor progression in squamous cell carcinoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- WWOX maintains epidermal identity and suppresses EMT to prevent aggressive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Inhibiting LSD1 unlocks retinoid AP-1 programming to activate epithelial immunity and skin tumor suppression.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- The remarkable legacy of the K6/ODC mouse: mechanisms of polyamine-promoted tumorigenesis revealed.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Remote ischemic conditioning protects against anthracycline cardiotoxicity without impairing its antitumor activity.Basic research in cardiology · 2026Article
- Psoriasis-like disease prevents squamous skin tumor development by neutrophil-driven inflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- PI3Kγ Deficiency Suppresses Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Formation by Modulating the Tumour Microenvironment Rather Than by Directly Regulating Keratinocyte Proliferation.Experimental dermatology · 2026Article
- Loss of the translational repressor 4E-BP1 promotes skin carcinogenesis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Method to Study Skin Cancer: Two-Stage Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mouse Skin.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- TopicalClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
243 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
For more than 60 years, the chemical induction of tumors in mouse skin has been used to study mechanisms of epithelial carcinogenesis and evaluate modifying factors. In the traditional two-stage skin carcinogenesis model, the initiation phase is accomplished by the application of a sub-carcinogenic dose of a carcinogen. Subsequently, tumor development is elicited by repeated treatment with a tumor-promoting agent. The initiation protocol can be completed within 1-3 h depending on the number of mice used; whereas the promotion phase requires twice weekly treatments (1-2 h) and once weekly tumor palpation (1-2 h) for the duration of the study. Using the protocol described here, a highly reproducible papilloma burden is expected within 10-20 weeks with progression of a portion of the tumors to squamous cell carcinomas within 20-50 weeks. In contrast to complete skin carcinogenesis, the two-stage model allows for greater yield of premalignant lesions, as well as separation of the initiation and promotion phases.
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