Trial reportSchizophrenia bulletin2011
Nicotine enhances but does not normalize visual sustained attention and the associated brain network in schizophrenia.
Trial report in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Association Between Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review of digital interventions for smoking cessation in patients with serious mental illness.Psychological medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Sustaining attention to simple tasks: a meta-analytic review of the neural mechanisms of vigilant attention.Psychological bulletin · 2013Pooled it
- One-day tropisetron treatment improves cognitive deficits and P50 inhibition deficits in schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Nicotine enhances auditory processing in healthy and normal-hearing young adult nonsmokers.Psychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Nicotine-induced activation of caudate and anterior cingulate cortex in response to errors in schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- Neuronal effects of nicotine during auditory selective attention in schizophrenia.Human brain mapping · 2016Trial
- The nicotinergic receptor as a target for cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia: barking up the wrong tree?Psychopharmacology · 2014Trial
- Effects of nicotine on social cognition, social competence and self-reported stress in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2013Trial
- Nicotine withdrawal modulates frontal brain function during an affective Stroop task.Psychopharmacology · 2012Trial
- Network analysis of relationships among psychopathology, cognitive function, and psychosocial functioning in independent samples of Chinese with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- The Effects of THC and Nicotine on Attention: A Narrative Review.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- The Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Nuclei and Their Relevance to Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Lower cholinergic basal forebrain volumes link with cognitive difficulties in schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Preservation Effect: Cigarette Smoking Acts on the Dynamic of Influences Among Unifying Neuropsychiatric Triple Networks in Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Article
- Resting-State Default Mode Network Related Functional Connectivity Is Associated With Sustained Attention Deficits in Schizophrenia and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2018Article
- Targeting neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia with nicotine: Evidence from neurophysiology to neuroimaging.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2017Review
- Effects of drugs of abuse on hippocampal plasticity and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: contributions to development and maintenance of addiction.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2016Review
- Prefrontal Cortical Inactivations Decrease Willingness to Expend Cognitive Effort on a Rodent Cost/Benefit Decision-Making Task.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2016Article
- Cognitive Dysfunction, Affective States, and Vulnerability to Nicotine Addiction: A Multifactorial Perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sustained attention abnormality in schizophrenia is usually refractory to available treatment. Nicotine can transiently improve sustained attention in schizophrenia patients, although its neural mechanisms are unknown. Understanding the neural basis of this effect may lead to new treatment strategies for this cognitive deficit. Twenty schizophrenia patients and 24 healthy comparison smokers participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, randomized functional magnetic resonance imaging study comparing nicotine vs placebo patch on sustained attention, using the rapid visual information-processing task. Schizophrenia patients had impaired visual sustained attention accuracy and processing speed (all P's <.001) and showed significantly reduced activation in the frontal-parietal-cingulate-thalamic attention network compared with healthy comparison subjects. Nicotine administration enhanced accuracy and processing speed compared with placebo (all P's ≤.006), with no drug × diagnosis interactions. However, schizophrenia patients' task performance remained impaired during the nicotine condition, even when compared with healthy comparison subjects in the placebo condition (all P's ≤.01). Nicotine exerted no significant reversal of the impaired attention network associated with schizophrenia. Activations in brain regions associated with nicotine-induced behavioral improvement were not significantly different between patients and comparison subjects. Thus, nicotine transiently enhanced sustained attention similarly in schizophrenia patients and in healthy comparison smokers. The neural mechanisms for this nicotinic effect in schizophrenia appear similar to those for healthy comparison subjects. However, nicotine, at least in a single sustained dose, does not normalize impaired sustained attention and its associated brain network in schizophrenia. These findings provide guidance for developing new treatment strategies for the sustained attention deficit in schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.