ArticleBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2009
Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of neural tube defects.
Article in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls.Human reproduction updatePooled it
- Spina bifida as a multifactorial birth defect: Risk factors and genetic underpinnings.Pediatric discovery · 2025Review
- Molecular landscape of congenital vertebral malformations: recent discoveries and future directions.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Review
- Determinants of neural tube defects among newborns in public referral hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia.BMC nutrition · 2023Article
- Maternal dietary caffeine consumption and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997-2011.Birth defects research · 2023Article
- Recursive Feature Elimination-based Biomarker Identification for Open Neural Tube Defects.Current genomics · 2022Article
- Spina Bifida: A Review of the Genetics, Pathophysiology and Emerging Cellular Therapies.Journal of developmental biology · 2022Review
- Update and New Insights on Future Cancer Drug Candidates From Plant-Based Alkaloids.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Article
- Overview on neural tube defects: From development to physical characteristics.Birth defects research · 2019Review
- TRIM4 is associated with neural tube defects based on genome-wide DNA methylation analysis.Clinical epigenetics · 2019Article
- Finding the genetic mechanisms of folate deficiency and neural tube defects-Leaving no stone unturned.American journal of medical genetics. Part A · 2017Review
- Structure-Bioactivity Relationships of Methylxanthines: Trying to Make Sense of All the Promises and the Drawbacks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Spina bifida.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2015Review
- Maternal consumption of non-staple food in the first trimester and risk of neural tube defects in offspring.Nutrients · 2015Article
- Exploring maternal patterns of dietary caffeine consumption before conception and during pregnancy.Maternal and child health journal · 2014Article
- Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributions to neural tube closure.Annual review of genetics · 2014Review
- Risk of spina bifida and maternal cigarette, alcohol, and coffee use during the first month of pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Article
- Maternal caffeine consumption and risk of congenital limb deficiencies.Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology · 2012Article
- Exploring the caffeine-induced teratogenicity on neurodevelopment using early chick embryo.PloS one · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnimal studies demonstrate teratogenic effects of caffeine, whereas human studies are inconclusive.
methodsAssociations between maternal caffeine consumption and neural tube defects (NTDs) by type of NTD (anencephaly, spina bifida, or encephalocele) were examined using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS). Total average daily caffeine from coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate consumption during the year before pregnancy was estimated for 768 mothers of infants with NTDs and 4143 mothers of infants without birth defects who gave birth during 1997 through 2002. Periconceptional use of caffeine-containing medications was evaluated separately. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with consumption of total caffeine and each caffeine source were estimated from logistic regression models.
resultsPositive associations were observed between spina bifida and total caffeine consumption (OR 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and each caffeine source except caffeinated tea, which showed a negative association with spina bifida (OR 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6-0.9). Associations with modestly increased risk of NTDs and encephalocele were also observed. The association between caffeine consumption and anencephaly differed by maternal race/ethnicity. No dose effects were found.
conclusionsAdditional studies should confirm whether women who consume caffeine are at increased risk for pregnancies complicated by NTDs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.