ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2009
Uncoupling CD21 and CD19 of the B-cell coreceptor.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of the complement system in gastrointestinal-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sequencing Anti-CD19 Therapies in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- P75iScience · 2025Article
- Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 mediates early protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by regulating type I IFN production.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- Complement-mediated microvascular injury and thrombosis in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19: A review.World journal of experimental medicine · 2022Review
- Alternative B Cell Differentiation During Infection and Inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Renal diseases and the role of complement: Linking complement to immune effector pathways and therapeutics.Advances in immunology · 2021Review
- Revisiting the Coreceptor Function of Complement Receptor Type 2 (CR2, CD21); Coengagement With the B-Cell Receptor Inhibits the Activation, Proliferation, and Antibody Production of Human B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Viral Evasion of the Complement System and Its Importance for Vaccines and Therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Intratumoral delivery of antigen with complement C3-bound liposomes reduces tumor growth in mice.Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine · 2019Article
- Complement Factor H Modulates Splenic B Cell Development and Limits Autoantibody Production.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Expression and Function of Tetraspanins and Their Interacting Partners in B Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Complement C3-dependent uptake of targeted liposomes into human macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and MDSCs.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Article
- Immune Cell Repertoire and Their Mediators in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction or Stable Angina Pectoris.International journal of medical sciences · 2017Article
- Transcriptome Analysis of B Cell Immune Functions in Periodontitis: Mucosal Tissue Responses to the Oral Microbiome in Aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Article
- Could retinoids be a potential treatment for rheumatic diseases?Rheumatology international · 2015Review
- Do follicular dendritic cells regulate lupus-specific B cells?Molecular immunology · 2014Review
- Recent insights into the pathobiology of innate immune deficiencies.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2011Review
- Vitamin A and retinoic acid in the regulation of B-cell development and antibody production.Vitamins and hormones · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Complement receptors (CRs) CD21 and CD35 form a coreceptor with CD19 and CD81 on murine B cells that when coligated with the B-cell receptor lowers the threshold of activation by several orders of magnitude. This intrinsic signaling role is thought to explain the impaired humoral immunity of mice bearing deficiency in CRs. However, CRs have additional roles on B cells independent of CD19, such as transport of C3-coated immune complexes and regulation of C4 and C3 convertase. To test whether association of CR with CD19 is necessary for their intrinsic activation-enhancing role, knockin mice expressing mutant receptors, Cr2(Delta/Deltagfp), that bind C3 ligands but do not signal through CD19 were constructed. We found that uncoupling of CR and CD19 significantly diminishes survival of germinal center B cells and secondary antibody titers. However, B memory is less impaired relative to mice bearing a complete deficiency in CRs on B cells. These findings confirm the importance of interaction of CR and CD19 for coreceptor activity in humoral immunity but identify a role for CR in B-cell memory independent of CD19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.