ArticleBMC public health2009
Effects of neighbourhood-level educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in Zambia.
Article in BMC public health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing Discordance Between Self-Perceived HIV Risk and Laboratory-Confirmed HIV Status in South Africa: Insights from the 2022 National Population-Based Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Ending AIDS by 2030: the importance of an interlinked approach and meaningful youth leadership.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- A generation at risk: a cross-sectional study on HIV/AIDS knowledge, exposure to mass media, and stigmatizing behaviors among young women aged 15-24 years in Ghana.Global health action · 2017Article
- The role of partners' educational attainment in the association between HIV and education amongst women in seven sub-Saharan African countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2016Article
- Changes in sexual behaviour and practice and HIV prevalence indicators among young people aged 15-24 years in Zambia: an in-depth analysis of the 2001-2002 and 2007 Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys.SAHARA J : journal of Social Aspects of HIV/AIDS Research Alliance · 2013Review
- Decline in sexual risk behaviours among young people in Zambia (2000-2009): do neighbourhood contextual effects play a role?PloS one · 2013Article
- Article
- College graduation reduces vulnerability to STIs/HIV among African-American young adult women.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's HealthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInvestigations of the association between socio-economic position indicators and HIV in East, Central and Southern Africa have chiefly focused on factors that pertain to individual-level characteristics. This study investigated the effect of neighbourhood educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in selected urban and rural areas in Zambia.
methodsThis study re-analysed data from a cross-sectional population survey conducted in Zambia in 2003. The analyses were restricted to women aged 15-24 years (n = 1295). Stratified random cluster sampling was used to select 10 urban and 10 rural clusters. A measure for neighbourhood-level educational attainment was constructed by aggregating individual-level years-in-school. Multi-level mixed effects regression models were run to examine the neighbourhood-level educational effect on HIV prevalence after adjusting for individual-level underlying variables (education, currently a student, marital status) and selected proximate determinants (ever given birth, sexual activity, lifetime sexual partners).
resultsHIV prevalence among young women aged 15-24 years was 12.5% in the urban and 6.8% in the rural clusters. Neighbourhood educational attainment was found to be a strong determinant of HIV infection in both urban and rural population, i.e. HIV prevalence decreased substantially by increasing level of neighbourhood education. The likelihood of infection in low vs. high educational attainment of neighbourhoods was 3.4 times among rural women and 1.8 times higher among the urban women after adjusting for age and other individual-level underlying variables, including education. However, the association was not significant for urban young women after this adjustment. After adjusting for level of education in the neighbourhood, the effect of the individual-level education differed by residence, i.e. a strong protective effect among urban women whereas tending to be a risk factor among rural women.
conclusionThe findings suggested structural effects on HIV prevalence. Future research should include more detailed mapping of neighbourhood factors of relevance to HIV transmission as part of the effort to better understand the causal mechanisms involved.
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