ArticleInternational journal of clinical oncology2009
Ghrelin and leptin levels in cachectic patients with cancer of the digestive organs.
Article in International journal of clinical oncology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer- and cardiac-induced cachexia: same fate through different inflammatory mediators?Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review examining the relationship between cytokines and cachexia in incurable cancer.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of the overlap of fluid biomarkers in delirium and advanced cancer-related syndromes.BMC psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Augmentation of Cancer Cachexia Components With Targeted Acupuncture in Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.Integrative cancer therapiesTrial
- Physical Activity, Exerkines, and Their Role in Cancer Cachexia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Mechanisms and pharmacotherapy of cancer cachexia-associated anorexia.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2025Review
- Cancer cachexia: multilevel metabolic dysfunction.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Cancer cachexia: biomarkers and the influence of age.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- Understanding cachexia and its impact on lung cancer and beyond.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024Review
- Immunoregulation in cancer-associated cachexia.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Cancer cachexia: molecular mechanisms and treatment strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Cancer cachexia and its pathophysiology: links with sarcopenia, anorexia and asthenia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2020Review
- Energy metabolism in cachexia.EMBO reports · 2019Review
- Development and characterization of a cancer cachexia model employing a rare human duodenal neuroendocrine carcinoma-originating cell line.Oncotarget · 2019Article
- Inter-tissue communication in cancer cachexia.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2018Review
- Circulating monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is associated with cachexia in treatment-naïve pancreatic cancer patients.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2018Article
- Protein calorie malnutrition, nutritional intervention and personalized cancer care.Oncotarget · 2017Review
- Cachexia research in Japan: facts and numbers on prevalence, incidence and clinical impact.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCancer cachexia, a catabolic state characterized by weight loss, occurs frequently in patients with terminal-stage neoplastic diseases. Gastrointestinal hormones and cytokines may be associated with anorexia and wasting in cancer cachexia.
methodsThis study aimed to examine the mechanism of anorexia in cachectic patients through a prospective investigation of plasma cytokines, ghrelin, and leptin in 16 cachectic patients with cancer of the digestive organs and 10 healthy volunteers.
resultsTumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), and ghrelin levels were significantly higher in cachectic cancer patients than in the healthy volunteers, whereas leptin was significantly lower in the cachectic cancer patients. Plasma leptin levels and cytokine levels (TNF-alpha and IL-6) correlated significantly with body mass index (BMI), but plasma ghrelin levels did not correlate with BMI or with the grade of symptoms.
conclusionNeither weight loss nor the grade of symptoms seemed to be directly associated with the increase in ghrelin levels. Hence, it is considered that the increase in ghrelin levels cannot simply be explained by an increase in ghrelin secretion, suggesting that other mechanisms, such as the decreased inactivation of ghrelin, may also play a role. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of the increase in ghrelin levels. Additionally, the changes in plasma cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and leptin in cachectic cancer patients suggest that these molecules may be useful markers for the evaluation of cancer cachexia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.