Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19704032›Full record

ArticleGenome research2009

Deeply conserved chordate noncoding sequences preserve genome synteny but do not drive gene duplicate retention.

Andrew L Hufton, Susanne Mathia, Helene Braun, Udo Georgi, Hans Lehrach, Martin Vingron, Albert J Poustka, Georgia Panopoulou

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

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  14. The mystery of extreme non-coding conservation.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2013
    Review
  15. Deep conservation of cis-regulatory elements in metazoans.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2013
    Review
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Andrew L HuftonMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Susanne Mathia
Helene Braun
Udo Georgi
Hans Lehrach
Martin Vingron
Albert J Poustka
Georgia Panopoulou
Max Planck Society · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Animal genomes possess highly conserved cis-regulatory sequences that are often found near genes that regulate transcription and development. Researchers have proposed that the strong conservation of these sequences may affect the evolution of the surrounding genome, both by repressing rearrangement, and possibly by promoting duplicate gene retention. Conflicting data, however, have made the validity of these propositions unclear. Here, we use a new computational method to identify phylogenetically conserved noncoding elements (PCNEs) in a manner that is not biased by rearrangement and duplication. This method is powerful enough to identify more than a thousand PCNEs that have been conserved between vertebrates and the basal chordate amphioxus. We test 42 of our PCNEs in transgenic zebrafish assays--including examples from vertebrates and amphioxus--and find that the majority are functional enhancers. We find that PCNEs are enriched around genes with ancient synteny conservation, and that this association is strongest for extragenic PCNEs, suggesting that cis-regulatory interdigitation plays a key role in repressing genome rearrangement. Next, we classify mouse and zebrafish genes according to association with PCNEs, synteny conservation, duplication history, and presence in bidirectional promoter pairs, and use these data to cluster gene functions into a series of distinct evolutionary patterns. These results demonstrate that subfunctionalization of conserved cis-regulation has not been the primary determinate of gene duplicate retention in vertebrates. Instead, the data support the gene balance hypothesis, which proposes that duplicate retention has been driven by selection against dosage imbalances in genes with many protein connections.

Indexed as

SyntenyAnimalsBinding SitesChordata, NonvertebrateCluster AnalysisComputational BiologyConserved SequenceEmbryo, NonmammalianEnhancer Elements, GeneticEvolution, MolecularGene DuplicationGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGenomeGenomicsGreen Fluorescent ProteinsMiceGreen Fluorescent ProteinsTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID19704032
PMCPMC2775584
OpenAlexW2115360011

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.