ReviewNeuropharmacology2009
The spontaneously hypertensive rat model of ADHD--the importance of selecting the appropriate reference strain.
Review in Neuropharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Wistar-Kyoto rat as a model relevant to inattentive ADHD: substrain variability and affective comorbidity.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Novel dopamine 4 receptor ligands differentially ameliorate ADHD-like behaviors in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive behavioral profiling in male spontaneously hypertensive rats: latent trait mapping supports a valid multidomain ADHD model.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex-specific effects of chronic caffeine on impulsive choice and serotonergic markers in an ADHD rat model.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- C/T Ratios in Human Eyeblink Conditioning Paradigms to Examine Cerebellar Function and ADHD: A Narrative Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrating network pharmacology and transcriptomics to reveal the therapeutic effect of Long Mu Ning Xin Decoction on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by regulating cAMP and PI3K/AKT pathways.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The developmental dopamine trajectory hypothesis of ADHD across the lifespan.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Gestational physical exercise prevents early-life behavioral impairments in the offspring of a rat model of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Long-read whole-genome sequencing of SHR rat substrains with distinct substance use phenotypes.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- Exploring the Immunomodulatory Role of Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FOXP3) in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Photobiomodulation as a therapeutic approach for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in model rats.Lasers in medical science · 2025Article
- Rodent research of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: insights into widely used animal models.Laboratory animal research · 2025Review
- Activation of the supramammillary-dentate gyrus circuit enhances alertness and cognitive function in a rat model of ADHD.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Phasic dopamine release in two different rat models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) versus Lphn3 knockout rats.Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Resilience of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats to Secondary Insults After Traumatic Brain Injury: Immediate Seizures, Survival, and Stress Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in spontaneously hypertensive rat strain SHR/NCrl is associated with specific expression of uncoupling proteins, glucose transporter 1 and BACE1.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Cognitive Impairment and Synaptic Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disorders: The New Frontiers of the Heart-Brain Axis.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- More efficient adaptation of cardiovascular response to repeated restraint in spontaneously hypertensive rats: the role of autonomic nervous system.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Circadian Disruption as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders - From Animal Models to Human Population.Physiological research · 2024Review
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although several molecular and genetic manipulations may produce hyperactive animals, hyperactivity alone is insufficient for the animal to qualify as a model of ADHD. Based on a wider range of criteria - behavioral, genetic and neurobiological - the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) obtained from Charles River, Germany (SHR/NCrl) at present constitutes the best validated animal model of ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C), and the Wistar Kyoto substrain obtained from Harlan, UK (WKY/NHsd) is its most appropriate control. Although other rat strains may behave like WKY/NHsd rats, genetic results indicate significant differences when compared to the WKY/NHsd substrain, making them less suitable controls for the SHR/NCrl. The use of WKY/NCrl, outbred Wistar, Sprague Dawley or other rat strains as controls for SHRs may produce spurious neurobiological differences. Consequently, data may be misinterpreted if insufficient care is taken in the selection of the control group. It appears likely that the use of different control strains may underlie some of the discrepancies in results and interpretations in studies involving the SHR and WKY. Finally, we argue that WKY rats obtained from Charles River, Germany (WKY/NCrl) provide a promising model for the predominantly inattentive subtype of ADHD (ADHD-PI); in this case also the WKY/NHsd substrain should be used as control.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.