ArticleBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2009
Multistate study of the epidemiology of clubfoot.
Article in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06166238 (Comparative Study Between Millard and Tennison Randall Techniques in Complete and Incomplete Cleft Lip Repair.), which is not on this map. Cited by 44 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparative Study Between Millard and Tennison Randall Techniques in Complete and Incomplete Cleft Lip Repair.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Congenital anomalies and maternal age: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2022Pooled it
- The etiology of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2018Pooled it
- Maternal smoking in pregnancy and birth defects: a systematic review based on 173 687 malformed cases and 11.7 million controls.Human reproduction updatePooled it
- Congenital Clubfoot Prevalence and Folic Acid Supplementation - Five Counties, Shanxi Province, China, 2003-2024.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Determinants for Congenital Clubfoot in Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study at Black Lion Specialized Hospital.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Impact of data sources and ascertainment methods on reporting paediatric genetic condition prevalence: A scoping review.Health information management : journal of the Health Information Management Association of Australia · 2026Article
- Isolated clubfoot in the Northern Territory of Australia: birth prevalence and population description.International journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors of Idiopathic Congenital Clubfoot in the South of Vietnam: A Hospital-Based Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- The Ponseti Method vs. Surgical Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Prospective Long-Term Follow-Up.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prenatal Counseling for Congenital Clubfoot.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2024Review
- The perspectives of caregivers and health service providers on barriers to clubfoot management in Puri-Urban health facility in Ghana.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of clubfoot in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia: A hospital-based study.World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Scientific impact of the National Birth Defects Prevention Network multistate collaborative publications.Birth defects research · 2024Review
- A Novel Orthoplastic Reconstruction of Relapsed Clubfoot With Total Ankle Arthroplasty.Cureus · 2023Article
- The Incidence of Clubfoot in the Czech Republic: A Nationwide Epidemiological Study from 2000 to 2014.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- How to Cope with the Ponseti Method for Clubfoot: The Families' Standpoint.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Incidence of Congenital Clubfoot: Preliminary Data from Italian CeDAP Registry.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The role of social media in clubfoot: information sharing and social support.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2021Article
- Integrated bioinformatics analysis of potential pathway biomarkers using abnormal proteins in clubfoot.PeerJ · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough clubfoot is a common birth defect, with a prevalence of approximately 1 per 1000 livebirths, the etiology of clubfoot remains largely unknown. Studies of the prevalence and risk factors for clubfoot in the United States have previously been limited to specific states. The purpose of this study was to pool data from several birth defects surveillance programs to better estimate the prevalence of clubfoot and investigate its risk factors.
methodsThe 10 population-based birth defects surveillance programs that participated in this study ascertained 6139 cases of clubfoot from 2001 through 2005. A random sample of 10 controls per case, matched on year and state of birth, was selected from birth certificates. Data on infant and maternal risk factors were collected from birth certificates. Prevalence was calculated by pooling the state-specific data. Conditional logistic regression was used to investigate the association between risk factors and clubfoot.
resultsThe overall prevalence of clubfoot was 1.29 per 1000 livebirths; 1.38 among non-Hispanic whites, 1.30 among Hispanics, and 1.14 among non-Hispanic blacks or African Americans. Maternal age, parity, education, and marital status were significantly associated with clubfoot. Maternal smoking and diabetes also showed significant associations. Several of these observed associations were consistent between surveillance programs.
conclusionsWe estimated the prevalence of clubfoot using data from several birth defects programs, representing one-quarter of all births in the United States. Our findings underline the importance of birth defects surveillance programs and their utility in monitoring population-based prevalence and investigating risk factors.
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