ArticleJournal of cellular biochemistry2009
Down-regulation of uPA and uPAR by 3,3'-diindolylmethane contributes to the inhibition of cell growth and migration of breast cancer cells.
Article in Journal of cellular biochemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular mechanisms of bifunctional vitamin D receptor agonist-histone deacetylase inhibitor hybrid molecules in triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
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- Metastatic and triple-negative breast cancer: challenges and treatment options.Drug delivery and translational research · 2018Review
- Recent progress in natural dietary non-phenolic bioactives on cancers metastasis.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2018Review
- Inhibitory effect of the low-toxic exogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator 3'3-diindolylmethane on gastric cancer in mice.Oncology letters · 2017Article
- High glucose and insulin enhance uPA expression, ROS formation and invasiveness in breast cancer-derived cells.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2016Article
- Retraction: "Down-regulation of uPA and uPAR by 3,3'-diindolylmethane contributes to the inhibition of cell growth and migration of breast cancer cells" by Ahmad et al.Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2016Article
- Chemopreventive properties of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in breast cancer: evidence from experimental and human studies.Nutrition reviews · 2016Review
- Roles of Dietary Phytoestrogens on the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Diverse Cancer Metastasis.Toxins · 2016Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-microRNA-212/132 axis in human breast cancer suppresses metastasis by targeting SOX4.Molecular cancer · 2015Article
- 3'3-Diindolylmethane inhibits migration, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by suppressing FAK signaling.Oncotarget · 2015Article
- Association between the polymorphisms of urokinase plasminogen activation system and cancer risk: a meta-analysis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2015Article
- Probing binding and cellular activity of pyrrolidinone and piperidinone small molecules targeting the urokinase receptor.ChemMedChem · 2013Article
- Pathways to breast cancer recurrence.ISRN oncology · 2013Article
- Systems and Network Pharmacology Approaches to Cancer Stem Cells Research and Therapy.Journal of stem cell research & therapy · 2012Article
- BreastDefend™ prevents breast-to-lung cancer metastases in an orthotopic animal model of triple-negative human breast cancer.Oncology reports · 2012Article
- A selective aryl hydrocarbon receptor modulator 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits gastric cancer cell growth.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2012Article
- Article
- 3,3'-Diindolylmethane inhibits breast cancer cell growth via miR-21-mediated Cdc25A degradation.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2016-08-01Duplication of/in Image · Investigation by Company/Institution · Manipulation of Images · Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s) · · Fazlul Sarkar has an institutional finding of misconduct;
- Retracted
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a known anti-tumor agent against breast and other cancers; however, its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) system are involved in the degradation of basement membrane and extracellular matrix, leading to tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Since uPA-uPAR system is highly activated in aggressive breast cancer, we hypothesized that the biological activity of B-DIM could be mediated via inactivation of uPA-uPAR system. We found that B-DIM treatment as well as silencing of uPA-uPAR led to the inhibition of cell growth and motility of MDA-MB-231 cells, which was in part due to inhibition of VEGF and MMP-9. Moreover, silencing of uPA-uPAR led to decreased sensitivity of these cells to B-DIM indicating an important role of uPA-uPAR in B-DIM-mediated inhibition of cell growth and migration. We also found similar effects of B-DIM on MCF-7, cells expressing low levels of uPA-uPAR, which was due to direct down-regulation of MMP-9 and VEGF, independent of uPA-uPAR system. Interestingly, over-expression of uPA-uPAR in MCF-7 cells attenuated the inhibitory effects of B-DIM. Our results, therefore, suggest that B-DIM down-regulates uPA-uPAR in aggressive breast cancers but in the absence of uPA-uPAR, B-DIM can directly inhibit VEGF and MMP-9 leading to the inhibition of cell growth and migration of breast cancer cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.