ArticleJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2009
Single intracerebroventricular injection of botulinum toxin type A produces slow onset and long-term memory impairment in rats.
Article in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum Toxin Type A as a Therapeutic Agent in Epilepsy: Attenuation of Neuronal Ferroptosis and Cognitive Dysfunction.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Focused Modulation of Brain Activity: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Anesthesia and analgesia for experimental craniotomy in mice and rats: a systematic scoping review comparing the years 2009 and 2019.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins in Central Nervous System: An Overview from Animal Models to Human Therapy.Toxins · 2021Review
- Intramuscular Injection of BOTOX® Boosts Learning and Memory in Adult Mice in Association with Enriched Circulation of Platelets and Enhanced Density of Pyramidal Neurons in the Hippocampus.Neurochemical research · 2020Article
- Experimental Intrastriatal Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin-A: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is generally believed that the cholinergic system plays an important role in normal cognitive functioning. Botulinum toxin is the most potent toxin of the peripheral cholinergic system and today it is used in the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. However, it is surprising that its effect on cognitive processes has been investigated in only two publications. Short-term effects of the central application of botulinum toxin (BTX) type B have been associated with cognitive impairment in animals, while results with type A are ambiguous. In the present study, we have investigated the duration of memory impairment after an intracerebroventricular administration of BTX-A in rats. Two experiments were performed, lasting 12 and 5 months, respectively. In both experiments, the same dose of BTX-A was applied (2 U/kg) and the Morris water maze test was used in the assessment of memory performance. Results show that a single icv injection of a small dose of BTX-A significantly impairs the water maze performance. In both experiments, impairment was apparently of a slow onset and long lasting (up to 12 months). The length and pattern of attenuation suggest development of dementia-like deficits. In addition to providing a potentially new experimental model of memory impairment, these results question the idea of an intracranial application of BTX in the treatment of CNS disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.