ReviewNature immunology2009
Foamy macrophages and the progression of the human tuberculosis granuloma.
Review in Nature immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 442 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
442 citing papers in PubMed, 818 citations in OpenAlex.
- Monocyte metabolic transcriptional programs associate with resistance to tuberculin skin test/interferon-γ release assay conversion.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Article
- MicroRNA-1246 regulates macrophage lipid metabolism and is involved in resistance to human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Dopamine alters macrophage metabolism promoting intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Identification of a spatially organized TREM2-associated permissive macrophage niche in human pulmonary tuberculosis alveolar pneumonia.Nature communications · 2026Article
- 25 Years of Cancer Immunoediting: Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Filled the Missing Gap.Cancers · 2026Review
- γδ T Cells at the Crossroads of Tuberculosis and COPD: From Early Immunity to Tissue Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Applying prior knowledge of regulatory signaling to investigate macrophage cAMP dynamics during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lysosomal cholesterol overload impairs the innate-adaptive immune axis in tuberculosis granulomas.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Phospholipase A2 Isoforms in Lung Immunity and Respiratory Infections: Potential Targets for Next-Generation Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Metabolomic Biomarkers for Monitoring Tuberculosis Treatment Response: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Structural basis for EtfD-mediated coupling of β-oxidation and the respiratory chain in mycobacteria.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- Plasma protein biomarkers predictive of progression to active tuberculosis among close contacts of patients with tuberculosis.iScience · 2026Article
- Post-TB lung disease: pathogenesis, host-directed therapies, and the C3HeB/FeJ model for pre-clinical advances.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Bacterial cell envelope-targeting antibiotics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Macrophage adaptation to hypoxia in the tuberculous granuloma potentiates mycobacterium-induced mitochondrial damage and granuloma necrosis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Spatial mapping of Ethiopian cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions reveals distinct tissue level immune programs.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- MRI findings of granulomatous prostatitis induced by intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin treatment for bladder cancer: a comparison with prostate cancer.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Article
382 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The progression of tuberculosis from a latent, subclinical infection to active disease that culminates in the transmission of infectious bacilli is determined locally at the level of the granuloma. This progression takes place even in the face of a robust immune response that, although it contains infection, is unable to eliminate the bacterium. The factors or environmental conditions that influence this progression remain to be determined. Recent advances have indicated that pathogen-induced dysregulation of host lipid synthesis and sequestration serves a critical role in this transition. The foamy macrophage seems to be a key participant in both sustaining persistent bacteria and contributing to the tissue pathology that leads to cavitation and the release of infectious bacilli.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.