ArticleMolecular biology of the cell2009
Retrograde Shiga toxin trafficking is regulated by ARHGAP21 and Cdc42.
Article in Molecular biology of the cell, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- P1PK blood group antigens in birds: implications for veterinary blood transfusion, human and pet health.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- CDC42 supports HBV entry by NTCP translocation to the plasma membrane and macropinocytosis.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- The Actin Cytoskeleton Mediates Transmission of "Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Targeting the Early Endosome-to-Golgi Transport of Shiga Toxins as a Therapeutic Strategy.Toxins · 2020Review
- Article
- Review
- A New Look at the Functional Organization of the Golgi Ribbon.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2019Article
- Spatial analysis of Cdc42 activity reveals a role for plasma membrane-associated Cdc42 in centrosome regulation.Molecular biology of the cell · 2017Article
- Protection against Shiga Toxins.Toxins · 2017Review
- Human and mouse tissue-engineered small intestine both demonstrate digestive and absorptive function.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2015Article
- Rab11 endosomes contribute to mitotic spindle organization and orientation.Developmental cell · 2014Article
- CLN3 deficient cells display defects in the ARF1-Cdc42 pathway and actin-dependent events.PloS one · 2014Article
- PTEN phosphatase-independent maintenance of glandular morphology in a predictive colorectal cancer model system.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2013Article
- Retrograde trafficking of AB₅ toxins: mechanisms to therapeutics.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2013Review
- Actin acting at the Golgi.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2013Review
- Roles of rho GTPases in intracellular transport and cellular transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2013Review
- ARHGAP21 protein, a new partner of α-tubulin involved in cell-cell adhesion formation and essential for epithelial-mesenchymal transition.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- From a single whole exome read to notions of clinical screening: primary ciliary dyskinesia and RSPH9 p.Lys268del in the Arabian Peninsula.Annals of human genetics · 2012Article
- Transport of influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) to host cell surface is regulated by ARHGAP21 and Cdc42 proteins.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
- Cdc42 localization and cell polarity depend on membrane traffic.The Journal of cell biology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli remain a food-borne health threat. Shiga toxin is endocytosed by intestinal epithelial cells and transported retrogradely through the secretory pathway. It is ultimately translocated to the cytosol where it inhibits protein translation. We found that Shiga toxin transport through the secretory pathway was dependent on the cytoskeleton. Recent studies reveal that Shiga toxin activates signaling pathways that affect microtubule reassembly and dynein-dependent motility. We propose that Shiga toxin alters cytoskeletal dynamics in a way that facilitates its transport through the secretory pathway. We have now found that Rho GTPases regulate the endocytosis and retrograde motility of Shiga toxin. The expression of RhoA mutants inhibited endocytosis of Shiga toxin. Constitutively active Cdc42 or knockdown of the Cdc42-specific GAP, ARHGAP21, inhibited the transport of Shiga toxin to the juxtanuclear Golgi apparatus. The ability of Shiga toxin to stimulate microtubule-based transferrin transport also required Cdc42 and ARHGAP21 function. Shiga toxin addition greatly decreases the levels of active Cdc42-GTP in an ARHGAP21-dependent manner. We conclude that ARHGAP21 and Cdc42-based signaling regulates the dynein-dependent retrograde transport of Shiga toxin to the Golgi apparatus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.