ArticleJournal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry2009
Risk of dementia hospitalisation associated with cardiovascular risk factors in midlife and older age: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Article in Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does Gender Influence the Relationship Between High Blood Pressure and Dementia? Highlighting Areas for Further Investigation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Pooled it
- Type 2 Diabetes as a Risk Factor for Dementia in Women Compared With Men: A Pooled Analysis of 2.3 Million People Comprising More Than 100,000 Cases of Dementia.Diabetes care · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Epidemiologic studies of modifiable factors associated with cognition and dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2014Pooled it
- The clinical importance of white matter hyperintensities on brain magnetic resonance imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2010Pooled it
- Diabetes and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: The Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2017Trial
- Medical Comorbidities in Alzheimer's Disease: An Autopsy Confirmed Study with a Focus on Sex-Differences?Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Impact of Vietnam-era G.I. Bill eligibility on later-life blood pressure distribution: evidence from the Vietnam draft lottery natural experiment.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Regional health priorities for dementia: a roadmap for the Western Pacific.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Patterns of cognitive domain abnormalities enhance discrimination of dementia risk prediction: The ARIC study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Life-Course Socioeconomic Position and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Midlife: Evidence from the 1958 British Birth Cohort.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Article
- The connection between hypertension and diabetes and their role in heart and kidney disease development.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- Timing of Cognitive Test Score Decline Prior to Incident Dementia Diagnosis in Blacks and Whites: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study.Neuroepidemiology · 2024Article
- The association of perceived discrimination with dementia risk in Black older adults.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Parity and Risk of Dementia in Women: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Dementia occurring over a 32-year follow-up attributable to hypertension observed at different ages: Implications for dementia prevention.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Self-reported experiences of discrimination and incident dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Association of Atrial Fibrillation With Stroke and Dementia Accounting for Left Atrial Function and Size.JACC. Advances · 2023Article
- Dementia risk in patients with heart disease and depression.Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2023Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular risk factors are associated with a higher risk of developing dementia. Studies in older populations, however, have often failed to show this relationship. We assessed the association between cardiovascular risk factors measured in midlife and risk of being hospitalised with dementia and determined whether this association was modified by age and ethnicity.
methodsWe studied 11 151 participants in the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort, aged 46-70 (23% African-Americans) in 1990-2, when participants underwent a physical exam and cognitive testing. Hospitalisations with dementia were ascertained through December 2004.
resultsDuring follow-up, 203 cases of hospitalisation with dementia were identified. Smoking (hazard ratio (HR), 95% CI 1.7, 1.2 to 2.5), hypertension (HR, 95% CI 1.6, 1.2 to 2.2) and diabetes (HR, 95% CI 2.2, 1.6 to 3.0) were strongly associated with dementia, in Caucasians and African-Americans. These associations were stronger when risk factors were measured at a younger age than at an older age. In analyses including updated information on risk factors during follow-up, the HR of dementia in hypertensive versus non-hypertensive participants was 1.8 at age <55 years compared with 1.0 at age 70+ years. Parallel results were observed for diabetes (HR 3.4 in <55, 2.0 in >or=70), smoking (4.8 in <55, 0.5 in >or=70) and hypercholesterolaemia (HR 1.7 in <55, 0.9 in >or=70)
conclusionIn this prospective study, smoking, hypertension and diabetes were strongly associated with subsequent risk of hospitalisation with dementia, particularly in middle-aged individuals. Our results emphasise the importance of early lifestyle modification and risk factor treatment to prevent dementia.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.