ArticlePloS one2009
The chemokine CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, as markers and promoters of inflammation-associated cancers.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic Potential of Circulating CXCL13, CXCL14, and CXCL16 in Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Case-Control Study.Cancers · 2026Article
- Pan-cancer spatial atlas of tertiary lymphoid structures.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- CXCR6+ T cells promote apoptosis and necroptosis in proximal tubules during AKI-to-CKD transition.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Advancements in understanding and treating CXCL16/CXCR6 in tumors and in inflammatory diseases: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Network and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of Adipokine Drivers of Prostate Cancer; Unravelling the Mechanistic Link Between Excess Adiposity and Prostate Cancer Risk.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Targeting CXCR6 Disrupts β-Catenin Signaling and Enhances Sorafenib Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- A distinct population of CD8Nature aging · 2025Article
- NR4A3high mast cells promote ovarian cancer metastasis by reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages via JAK2/STAT6 signaling.Translational oncology · 2025Article
- Chemokines that govern T cell activity in tumors.Current opinion in immunology · 2025Review
- Establishment of fracture blister model and analysis of plasma protein markers in rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis of Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage: Insights from Single-Cell Transcriptomics.Annual review of pathology · 2025Review
- Proinflammatory immune cells disrupt angiogenesis and promote germinal matrix hemorrhage in prenatal human brain.Nature neuroscience · 2024Article
- Co-targeting SOS1 enhances the antitumor effects of KRASNature cancer · 2024Article
- The role of proinflammatory cytokines and CXC chemokines (CXCL1-CXCL16) in the progression of prostate cancer: insights on their therapeutic management.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2024Review
- Gastric metastasis from breast cancer: five cases and a single-institutional review.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Article
- How chemokines organize the tumour microenvironment.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Integrative characterisation of secreted factors involved in intercellular communication between prostate epithelial or cancer cells and fibroblasts.Molecular oncology · 2023Article
- Inflammation in Urological Malignancies: The Silent Killer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Investigating novel biomarkers in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma: in silico analysis and clinical specimens validation via RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
- Integrated multiplex network based approach reveled CC and CXC chemokines associated key biomarkers in colon adenocarcinoma patients.American journal of cancer research · 2023Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Clinical observations and mouse models have suggested that inflammation can be pro-tumorigenic. Since chemokines are critical in leukocyte trafficking, we hypothesized that chemokines play essential roles in inflammation-associated cancers. Screening for 37 chemokines in prostate cancer cell lines and xenografts revealed CXCL16, the ligand for the receptor CXCR6, as the most consistently expressed chemokine. Immunohistochemistry and/or immunofluorescence and confocal imaging of 121 human prostate specimens showed that CXCL16 and CXCR6 were co-expressed, both on prostate cancer cells and adjacent T cells. Expression levels of CXCL16 and CXCR6 on cancer cells correlated with poor prognostic features including high-stage and high-grade, and expression also correlated with post-inflammatory changes in the cancer stroma as revealed by loss of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Moreover, CXCL16 enhanced the growth of CXCR6-expressing cancer and primary CD4 T cells. We studied expression of CXCL16 in an additional 461 specimens covering 12 tumor types, and found that CXCL16 was expressed in multiple human cancers associated with inflammation. Our study is the first to describe the expression of CXCL16/CXCR6 on both cancer cells and adjacent T cells in humans, and to demonstrate correlations between CXCL16 and CXCR6 vs. poor both prognostic features and reactive changes in cancer stoma. Taken together, our data suggest that CXCL16 and CXCR6 may mark cancers arising in an inflammatory milieu and mediate pro-tumorigenic effects of inflammation through direct effects on cancer cell growth and by inducing the migration and proliferation of tumor-associated leukocytes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.