ArticleJAMA2009
Antibiotic prescription rates for acute respiratory tract infections in US ambulatory settings.
Article in JAMA, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 234 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Microbial, Immune, and Metabolic Perturbations by Antibiotics (MIME Study)
Dialogue Around Respiratory Illness Treatment for Family Practice (DART -FP)
Who cites it
234 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 517 citations in OpenAlex.
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Antibiotic prescribing in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2021Pooled it
- Safety of azithromycin in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- A Guide to Utilization of the Microbiology Laboratory for Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: 2018 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Guideline
- Impact of acute otitis media clinical practice guidelines on antibiotic and analgesic prescriptions: a systematic review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2018Pooled it
- Grommets (ventilation tubes) for recurrent acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Implications of Antibiotic Resistance for Patients' Recovery From Common Infections in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of public-targeted communication interventions to improve antibiotic use.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2017Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Paracetamol (acetaminophen) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, alone or combined, for pain relief in acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Selective testing strategies for diagnosing group A streptococcal infection in children with pharyngitis: a systematic review and prospective multicentre external validation study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2015Pooled it
- Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on otitis media: a systematic review.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2012Pooled it
- Reductions in Parent Interest in Receiving Antibiotics following a 90-Second Video Intervention in Outpatient Pediatric Clinics.The Journal of pediatrics · 2020Trial
- Reducing inappropriate outpatient antibiotic prescribing: normative comparison using unblinded provider reports.BMJ open quality · 2019Trial
- Impact of Antimicrobial Treatment for Acute Otitis Media on Carriage Dynamics of Penicillin-Susceptible and Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Design and implementation of electronic health record integrated clinical prediction rules (iCPR): a randomized trial in diverse primary care settings.Implementation science : IS · 2017Trial
- Behavioral interventions to reduce inappropriate antibiotic prescribing: a randomized pilot trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Trial
174 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextDuring the 1990s, antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) decreased in the United States. The sustainability of those changes is unknown.
objectiveTo assess trends in antibiotic prescriptions for ARTI. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsThe National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data (1995-2006) were used to examine trends in antibiotic prescription rates by antibiotic indication and class. Annual survey data and census denominators were combined in 2-year intervals for rate calculations.
main outcome measuresNational annual visit rates and antibiotic prescription rates for ARTI, including otitis media (OM) and non-ARTI.
resultsAmong children younger than 5 years, annual ARTI visit rates decreased by 17% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9%-24%), from 1883 per 1000 population in 1995-1996 to 1560 per 1000 population in 2005-2006, primarily due to a 33% (95% CI, 22%-43%) decrease in OM visit rates (950 to 634 per 1000 population, respectively). This decrease was accompanied by a 36% (95% CI, 26%-45%) decrease in ARTI-associated antibiotic prescriptions (1216 to 779 per 1000 population). Among persons aged 5 years or older, ARTI visit rates remained stable but associated antibiotic prescription rates decreased by 18% (95% CI, 6%-29%), from 178 to 146 per 1000 population. Antibiotic prescription rates for non-OM ARTI for which antibiotics are rarely indicated decreased by 41% (95% CI, 22%-55%) and 24% (95% CI, 10%-37%) among persons younger than 5 years and 5 years or older, respectively. Overall, ARTI-associated prescription rates for penicillin, cephalosporin, and sulfonamide/tetracycline decreased. Prescription rates for azithromycin increased and it became the most commonly prescribed macrolide for ARTI and OM (10% of OM visits). Among adults, quinolone prescriptions increased.
conclusionsOverall antibiotic prescription rates for ARTI decreased, associated with fewer OM visits in children younger than 5 years and with fewer prescriptions for ARTI for which antibiotics are rarely indicated. However, prescription rates for broad-spectrum antibiotics increased significantly.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.