ReviewCurrent medicinal chemistry2009
The effects of tamoxifen on immunity.
Review in Current medicinal chemistry, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- The prognostic and predictive value of Tregs and tumor immune subtypes in postmenopausal, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy: a Dutch TEAM study analysis.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2015Trial
- Dual Role of Tamoxifen in Enhancing STING and CEACAM1 Expression to Prime a Favorable Tumor Microenvironment for Anti-TIM3 Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Striking the right balance with type I interferon signalling in cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Allogeneic MHC-mismatched microglia-like cell replacement as a therapeutic approach for multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Development of Nanoemulsion-based Gel of Betulin for the Treatment of Psoriasis-Like Skin Inflammation in a Small Animal Model.Pharmaceutical nanotechnology · 2026Article
- A researcher's guide to studying sex differences in immune aging.Trends in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Betulin-NLC-hydrogel for the Treatment of Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation: Optimization, Characterisation, andCurrent drug delivery · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Tamoxifen Metabolites in Combination with Colistin and Tigecycline in Experimental Murine Models ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Unveiling the Link Between Breast Cancer Treatment and Osteoporosis: Implications for Anticancer Therapy and Bone Health.BioMed research international · 2024Review
- Effects of tamoxifen on the immune response phenotype in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Brain rhythms control microglial response and cytokine expression via NF-κB signaling.Science advances · 2023Article
- Combined therapy of prednisone and mTOR inhibitor sirolimus for treating retroperitoneal fibrosis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Article
- Tamoxifen Modulates the Immune Landscape of the Tumour Microenvironment: The Paired Siglec-5/14 Checkpoint in Anti-Tumour Immunity in an In Vitro Model of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Latent Toxoplasmosis among Breast Cancer Patients in Jahrom, South of Iran.International journal of breast cancer · 2023Article
- Impacts of COVID-19 in Breast Cancer: From Molecular Mechanism to the Treatment Approach.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2023Review
- CD28-signaling can be partially compensated in CD28-knockout mice but is essential for virus elimination in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Type I Interferon Signaling Controls Gammaherpesvirus Latency In Vivo.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Effects of Tamoxifen on Tolerogenic Cells in Cancer.Biology · 2022Review
- Local Breast Microbiota: A "New" Player on the Block.Cancers · 2022Review
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a widely known anti-estrogen which has been employed in adjuvant treatment of early-stage, estrogen-sensitive breast cancer for over 20 years. Less well known are the effects of tamoxifen on immune function, which we discuss here. We review the growing body of evidence which demonstrates immunomodulatory effects of tamoxifen, including in vitro and in vivo studies as well as observations made in breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen. Taken together these studies suggest that tamoxifen is capable of inducing a shift from cellular (T-helper 1) to humoral (T-helper 2) immunity. Interestingly, the immunomodulatory effects of tamoxifen appear to be independent of the estrogen-receptor and may be mediated through the multidrug resistance gene product, Permeability-glycoprotein, for which a role in immunity has recently emerged. We furthermore discuss the clinical implications of the immunomodulatory effects of tamoxifen which are twofold. First, tamoxifen may be useful in the treatment of immune-mediated disorders, particularly of those arising from aberrant T-helper 1 cell activity, including allograft rejection, Crohn's disease, and Th1-mediated autoimmune conditions such as diabetes mellitus, scleroderma, and multiple sclerosis. Second, given that cellular T-helper 1 immunity is targeted against cancer cells, the tamoxifen-induced shift away from cellular immunity represents a significant step in fostering a cancerogenic environment. This may limit the anti-cancer effects of tamoxifen and thus explain why tamoxifen is inferior compared to other anti-estrogens in preventing disease recurrence in early-stage breast tumors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.