ArticleFEMS microbiology letters2009
Norepinephrine represses the expression of toxA and the siderophore genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Article in FEMS microbiology letters, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Norepinephrine derepresses the Fur regulon ofJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Effects of the stress hormone norepinephrine on the probiotic properties ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of Catecholamine Stress Hormones Norepinephrine and Epinephrine on Growth, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expressions of EnterotoxigenicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: pathogenesis, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, interaction with host, technology advances and emerging therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2022Review
- Differentially Expressed Genes ofInfection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Inter-Kingdom Signaling of Stress Hormones: Sensing, Transport and Modulation of Bacterial Physiology.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Quorum Quenching: A Potential Target for Antipseudomonal Therapy.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- Epinephrine affects motility, and increases adhesion, biofilm and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Catecholamine-Modulated Novel Surface-Exposed Adhesin LIC20035 of Leptospira spp. Binds Host Extracellular Matrix Components and Is Recognized by the Host during Infection.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Neurotransmitters: The Critical Modulators Regulating Gut-Brain Axis.Journal of cellular physiology · 2017Review
- Response of Vibrio cholerae to the Catecholamine Hormones Epinephrine and Norepinephrine.Journal of bacteriology · 2015Article
- CRH promotes S. pneumoniae growth in vitro and increases lung carriage in mice.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
- Serum albumin alters the expression of iron-controlled genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2012Article
- C-type natriuretic peptide modulates quorum sensing molecule and toxin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2011Article
- An in vitro biofilm model to examine the effect of antibiotic ointments on biofilms produced by burn wound bacterial isolates.Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Among the different extracellular virulence factors produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are exotoxin A (ETA) and the pyoverdine and pyochelin siderophores. Production of ETA and the siderophores requires the function of the iron-starvation sigma factor PvdS, the transcriptional activator RegA, and the AraC-activator PchR. Iron represses the production of ETA and the siderophores by repressing the expression of pvdS, regA, and pchR. PvdS regulates the expression of the ETA gene, toxA, regA, and the pyoverdine synthesis genes. The catecholamine norepinephrine enhances the growth of pathogenic bacteria by transferring iron from host-binding proteins. In this study, we elucidated the mechanism by which norepinephrine and other catecholamines induce P. aeruginosa growth. We also investigated whether norepinephrine regulates the expression of toxA and the siderophore genes, and the mechanism of this regulation. Norepinephrine enhanced the growth of P. aeruginosa by supplying iron from transferrin. This provision of iron repressed the expression of toxA, the pyoverdine genes pvdD and pvdE, and their regulators, pvdS, regA, and pchR, suggesting that norepinephrine accomplishes this repression through PvdS and PchR. Additionally, norepinephrine bypassed PvdS and supported the growth of a pvdS deletion mutant, indicating that norepinephrine transfers iron to P. aeruginosa independent of pyoverdine. Thus, norepinephrine apparently influences the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa by affecting its pattern of growth and the production of virulence factors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.