ArticlePloS one2009
pH Modulation of efflux pump activity of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli: protection during its passage and eventual colonization of the colon.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Overcoming Multidrug Resistance by Bacterial Efflux Pump Inhibitors in ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fitness trade-offs of multidrug efflux pumps inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Purine metabolism regulatesFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Inducible boron resistance via active efflux in Lysinibacillus and Enterococcus isolates from boron-contaminated agricultural soil.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Extreme Acid Modulates Fitness Trade-Offs of Multidrug Efflux Pumps MdtEF-TolC and AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli K-12.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Ethidium Binding toMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Insights into Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Acid-Adapted EnterohaemorrhagicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Evidence of Calcium Signaling and Modulation of the LmrS Multidrug Resistant Efflux Pump Activity by CaFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Two putative MmpL homologs contribute to antimicrobial resistance and nephropathy of enterohemorrhagicGut pathogens · 2019Article
- New Roads Leading to Old Destinations: Efflux Pumps as Targets to Reverse Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Thioridazine: A Non-Antibiotic Drug Highly Effective, in Combination with First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs, against Any Form of Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Due to Its Multi-Mechanisms of Action.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- The ins and outs of RND efflux pumps in Escherichia coli.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Review
- Overexpression of specific proton motive force-dependent transporters facilitate the export of surfactin in Bacillus subtilis.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2015Article
- Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria: what they do, how they do it, with what and how to deal with them.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2014Article
- Involvement of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump in the resistance, fitness, and virulence of Enterobacter cloacae.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2012Article
- A microfluidic device for simple and rapid evaluation of multidrug efflux pump inhibitors.Frontiers in microbiology · 2012Article
- A requirement of TolC and MDR efflux pumps for acid adaptation and GadAB induction in Escherichia coli.PloS one · 2011Article
- Evaluation of multidrug efflux pump inhibitors by a new method using microfluidic channels.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundResistance Nodulation Division (RND) efflux pumps of Escherichia coli extrude antibiotics and toxic substances before they reach their intended targets. Whereas these pumps obtain their energy directly from the proton motive force (PMF), ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters, which can also extrude antibiotics, obtain energy from the hydrolysis of ATP. Because E. coli must pass through two pH distinct environments of the gastrointestinal system of the host, it must be able to extrude toxic agents at very acidic and at near neutral pH (bile salts in duodenum and colon for example). The herein described study examines the effect of pH on the extrusion of ethidium bromide (EB). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsE. coli AG100 and its tetracycline induced progeny AG100(TET) that over-expresses the acrAB efflux pump were evaluated for their ability to extrude EB at pH 5 and 8, by our recently developed semi-automated fluorometric method. At pH 5 the organism extrudes EB without the need for metabolic energy (glucose), whereas at pH 8 extrusion of EB is dependent upon metabolic energy. Phe-Arg beta-naphtylamide (PAbetaN), a commonly assumed inhibitor of RND efflux pumps has no effect on the extrusion of EB as others claim. However, it does cause accumulation of EB. Competition between EB and PAbetaN was demonstrated and suggested that PAbetaN was preferentially extruded. A K(m) representing competition between PAbetaN and EB has been calculated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggest that E. coli has two general efflux systems (not to be confused with a distinct efflux pump) that are activated at low and high pH, respectively, and that the one at high pH is probably a putative ABC transporter coded by msbA, which has significant homology to the ABC transporter coded by efrAB of Enterococcus faecalis, an organism that faces similar challenges as it makes its way through the toxic intestinal system of the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.