ArticleExperimental eye research2009
Electrically assisted delivery of macromolecules into the corneal epithelium.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02117999 (Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking Using Iontophoresis and Standard Corneal Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking Using Iontophoresis and Standard Corneal Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology: a comprehensive review for the treatment of eye diseases.Discover nano · 2025Review
- Application of iontophoresis in ophthalmic practice: an innovative strategy to deliver drugs into the eye.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- Electrokinetic Convection-Enhanced Delivery of Solutes to the Brain.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2020Article
- Therapeutic Systems and Technologies: State-of-the-Art Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges.IEEE reviews in biomedical engineering · 2020Review
- Effective In Vivo Topical Delivery of siRNA and Gene Silencing in Intact Corneal Epithelium Using a Modified Cell-Penetrating Peptide.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2019Article
- Contact Lens Based Drug Delivery to the Posterior Segment Via Iontophoresis in Cadaver Rabbit Eyes.Pharmaceutical research · 2019Article
- Electrokinetic infusions into hydrogels and brain tissue: Control of direction and magnitude of solute delivery.Journal of neuroscience methods · 2019Article
- Dual-Phase Iontophoresis for the Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides.Nucleic acid therapeutics · 2017Article
- Novel Technique of Transepithelial Corneal Cross-Linking Using Iontophoresis in Progressive Keratoconus.Journal of ophthalmology · 2016Article
- Delivery of Molecules into Human Corneal Endothelial Cells by Carbon Nanoparticles Activated by Femtosecond Laser.PloS one · 2015Article
- In vitro extraction of intra-corneal iron using reverse iontophoresis and vitamin C.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2014Article
- Delivery systems and local administration routes for therapeutic siRNA.Pharmaceutical research · 2013Review
- Iontophoresis from a micropipet into a porous medium depends on the ζ-potential of the medium.Analytical chemistry · 2012Article
- Optimized in vivo transfer of small interfering RNA targeting dermal tissue using in vivo surface electroporation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2012Article
- Gene therapy in the cornea: 2005--present.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2012Review
- Delivery of intracellular-acting biologics in pro-apoptotic therapies.Current pharmaceutical design · 2011Review
- Gene delivery to cornea.Brain research bulletin · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electrically assisted delivery is noninvasive and has been investigated in a number of ocular drug delivery studies. The objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility of electrically assisted delivery of macromolecules such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) into the corneal epithelium, to optimize the iontophoresis and electroporation methods, and to study the mechanisms of corneal iontophoresis for macromolecules. Anodal and cathodal iontophoresis, electroporation and their combinations were the methods examined with mice in vivo. Cyanine 3 (Cy3)-labeled glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) siRNA and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran of different molecular weights (4-70 kDa) were the macromolecules studied. Microscopy and histology after cryostat sectioning were used to analyze and compare the delivery of the macromolecules to the cornea. Iontophoresis was effective in delivering siRNA and dextran up to 70 kDa into the cornea. The electroporation method studied was less effective than that of iontophoresis. Although both iontophoresis and electroporation alone can deliver the macromolecules into the cornea, these methods alone were not as effective as the combination of iontophoresis and electroporation (iontophoresis followed by electroporation). The significant enhancement of dextran delivery in anodal iontophoresis suggests that electroosmosis can be a significant flux-enhancing mechanism during corneal iontophoresis. These results illustrate the feasibility of electrically assisted delivery of macromolecules such as siRNA into the cornea.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.