ArticleAmerican journal of human genetics2009
X chromosomal variation is associated with slow progression to AIDS in HIV-1-infected women.
Article in American journal of human genetics, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex, age, race and intervention type in clinical studies of HIV cure: a systematic review.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Pooled it
- Sex-related differences in markers of immune activation in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients.Biology of sex differences · 2020Trial
- Sex Differences in Immune Responses to Infectious Diseases: The Role of Genetics, Hormones, and Aging.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Immunological evaluation of young unvaccinated patients with Turner syndrome after COVID-19.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Sexual Dimorphism and Gender in Infectious Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Candidate gene associations reveal sex-specific Graves' disease risk alleles among Chinese Han populations.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Article
- Generation of cynomolgus monkey fetuses with intracytoplasmic sperm injection based on the MII-stage oocytes acquired by personalized superovulation protocol.Journal of veterinary science · 2020Article
- Population-wide analysis of differences in disease progression patterns in men and women.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The X chromosome and sex-specific effects in infectious disease susceptibility.Human genomics · 2019Review
- Revisiting a quarter of a century of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-associated cardiovascular diseases at the German Primate Center.Primate biology · 2017Article
- Host factors determine differential disease progression after infection with nef-deleted simian immunodeficiency virus.The Journal of general virology · 2014Article
- Mitochondrial DNA variation and virologic and immunological HIV outcomes in African Americans.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Observational
- Sex-based differences in HIV type 1 pathogenesis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Review
- Sex influences immune responses to viruses, and efficacy of prophylaxis and treatments for viral diseases.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2012Article
- Sex and gender differences in health. Science & Society Series on Sex and Science.EMBO reports · 2012Article
- Immune cells have sex and so should journal articles.Endocrinology · 2012Review
- The search for host genetic factors of HIV/AIDS pathogenesis in the post-genome era: progress to date and new avenues for discovery.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2011Review
- Genome-wide association study SNPs in the human genome diversity project populations: does selection affect unlinked SNPs with shared trait associations?PLoS genetics · 2011Article
- Association of TLR7 variants with AIDS-like disease and AIDS vaccine efficacy in rhesus macaques.PloS one · 2011Article
- The impact of sex, gender and pregnancy on 2009 H1N1 disease.Biology of sex differences · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIDS has changed from a mostly male-specific health problem to one that predominantly affects females. Although sex differences in HIV-1 susceptibility are beyond doubt, the extent to which sex affects the onset and progression of AIDS has remained elusive. Here, we provide evidence for an influence of X chromosomal variation on the course of retroviral infection, both in HIV-1-infected patients and in the rhesus macaque model of AIDS. A two-stage, microsatellite-based GWAS of SIV-infected monkeys revealed MHC class I markers and a hitherto-unknown X chromosomal locus as being associated with a nominal score measuring progression to AIDS (Fisher's exact p < 10(-6)). The X chromosomal association was subsequently confirmed in HIV-1-infected patients with published SNP genotype data. SNP rs5968255, located at human Xq21.1 in a conserved sequence element near the RPS6KA6 and CYLC1 genes, was identified as a significant genetic determinant of disease progression in females (ANOVA p = 8.8 x 10(-5)), but not in males (p = 0.19). Heterozygous female carriers of the C allele showed significantly slower CD4 cell decline and a lower viral load at set point than TT homozygous females and than males. Inspection of HapMap revealed that the CT genotype is significantly more frequent among Asians than among Europeans or Africans. Our results suggest that, in addition to the individual innate and adaptive immunity status, sex-linked genetic variation impacts upon the rate of progression to AIDS. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying this sex-specific effect will promote the development of antiretroviral therapies with high efficacy in both sexes.
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Registered trials
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