ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2009
Effects of phenol on barrier function of a human intestinal epithelial cell line correlate with altered tight junction protein localization.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Modulating the developing gut microbiota with 2'-fucosyllactose and pooled human milk oligosaccharides.Microbiome · 2025Article
- Effect of indigestible dietary protein on growth performance and health status of weaned pigs.Journal of animal science · 2025Article
- Do high-protein diets have the potential to reduce gut barrier function in a sex-dependent manner?European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
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- The Predictive Value of Serum DAO, HDC, and MMP8 for the Gastrointestinal Injury in the Early Stage of Acute Pancreatitis in an Animal Model and a Clinical Study.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Characterization and Biodegradation of Phenol byMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Assessment of causal associations among gut microbiota, metabolites, and celiac disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- 4-Ethylphenol-fluxes, metabolism and excretion of a gut microbiome derived neuromodulator implicated in autism.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Effects of Starch Overload and Cecal Buffering on Fecal Microbiota of Horses.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Influenza Virus Infection Impairs the Gut's Barrier Properties and Favors Secondary Enteric Bacterial Infection through Reduced Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- In Vitro Evaluation of Potential Probiotic Strain Lactococcus lactis Gh1 and Its Bacteriocin-Like Inhibitory Substances for Potential Use in the Food Industry.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2021Article
- NMN Maintains Intestinal Homeostasis by Regulating the Gut Microbiota.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Patchouli Alcohol: a Natural Sesquiterpene Against Both Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier Damage of Ulcerative Colitis.Inflammation · 2020Article
- Exploring the styrene metabolism by aerobic bacterial isolates for the effective management of leachates in an aqueous system.RSC advances · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phenol contamination of soil and water has raised concerns among people living near phenol-producing factories and hazardous waste sites containing the chemical. Phenol, particularly in high concentrations, is an irritating and corrosive substance, making mucosal membranes targets of toxicity in humans. However, few data on the effects of phenol after oral exposure exist. We used an in vitro model employing human intestinal epithelial cells (SK-CO15) cultured on permeable supports to examine effects of phenol on epithelial barrier function. We hypothesized that phenol disrupts epithelial barrier by altering tight junction (TJ) protein expression. The dose-response effect of phenol on epithelial barrier function was determined using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran permeability measurements. We studied phenol-induced changes in cell morphology and expression of several tight junction proteins by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Effects on cell viability were assessed by MTT, Trypan blue, propidium iodide and TUNEL staining. Exposure to phenol resulted in decreased TER and increased paracellular flux of FITC-dextran in a dose-dependent manner. Delocalization of claudin-1 and ZO-1 from TJs to cytosol correlated with the observed increase in permeability after phenol treatment. Additionally, the decrease in TER correlated with changes in the distribution of a membrane raft marker, suggesting phenol-mediated effects on membrane fluidity. Such observations were independent of effects of phenol on cell viability as enhanced permeability occurred at doses of phenol that did not cause cell death. Overall, these findings suggest that phenol may affect transiently the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, thus destabilizing TJ-containing microdomains.
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