ReviewArthritis research & therapy2009
Rheumatoid arthritis and smoking: putting the pieces together.
Review in Arthritis research & therapy, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled analysis of the HLA-DRB1 by smoking interaction in Parkinson disease.Annals of neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Malignancy risk with tofacitinib versus TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the open-label, randomised controlled ORAL Surveillance trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Novel Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Serum Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4-Potentiating Activity in an Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive At-Risk Population.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Drivers of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Synovium and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The prevalence of coronary artery disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Palestine: a cross-sectional study.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Leveraging immune checkpoint inhibitors in lung cancer patients with pre-existing autoimmune disease: clinical insights, optimal timing, and predictive biomarkers for optimal treatment outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Biomarker understanding first lessons from drug development for IgA-driven autoimmune and fibrotic diseases.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2025Review
- Rheumatoid arthritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Antibodies to Malondialdehyde-Acetaldehyde Adduct Are Associated With Prevalent and Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease in US Veterans.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Causal associations of air pollution with rheumatoid arthritis: A transethnic Mendelian randomization study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Genetic evidence reveals a causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Association Between Smoking Status and the Efficacy and Safety of Tofacitinib in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2024Article
- Article
- Serum CHI3L1 as a biomarker of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Gut dysbiosis in autoimmune diseases: Association with mortality.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Associations of the MUC5B promoter variant with timing of interstitial lung disease and rheumatoid arthritis onset.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2022Article
- Associations between Cardiovascular Outcomes and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Rheumatic Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Large joints are progressively involved in rheumatoid arthritis irrespective of rheumatoid factor status-results from the early rheumatoid arthritis study.Rheumatology international · 2022Article
- Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Pattern of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Attending the Rheumatology Clinic at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2022Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Besides atherosclerosis and lung cancer, smoking is considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. It has long been known that there is a connection between rheumatoid factor-positive rheumatoid arthritis and cigarette smoking. Recently, an important gene-environment interaction has been revealed; that is, carrying specific HLA-DRB1 alleles encoding the shared epitope and smoking establish a significant risk for anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis. We summarize how smoking-related alteration of the cytokine balance, the increased risk of infections (the possibility of cross-reactivity) and modifications of autoantigens by citrullination may contribute to the development of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.