ReviewLung
Tuberculous pleural effusion.
Review in Lung. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 289 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Adenosine deaminase for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- A systematic review of the epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pleural TB in HIV-infected patients.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Pooled it
- Trial
- The Kynurenine Pathway in Tuberculosis: Focus on Immunometabolic Regulation, Compartment-Specific Biology, and Therapeutic Potential.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- A proof of concept study on the diagnostic utility of in vivo expressed mycobacterial transcripts in tuberculous pleuritis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Primary Mediastinal Pleural Hydatid Cyst Mimicking Tuberculous Pleuritis: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- A Complicated Course of Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Cavitary Findings and Pleural Effusion.Cureus · 2026Article
- Comparison of Xpert MTB/RIF Assay and the Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing for the Diagnosis of Pleural Tuberculosis: A Prospective Comparative Diagnostic Accuracy Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- A comprehensive diagnostic model for tuberculous PE: integration of clinical and immunological biomarkers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Pleural and parenchymal radiological characteristics of tuberculous pleuritis and correlation with microbiological and molecular diagnostic yield.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of interleukin 32γ for tuberculous pleural effusion.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Landscape of T Cells in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Interleukin -39 Expression in Pleural Effusion and Its Diagnostic Value for Tuberculous Pleurisy.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Application of the metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology to identify the causes of pleural effusion.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Study on the Association Network of Tuberculosis Lesions in Adult Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in China: A Large-Scale Multicenter Observational Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2025Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculous pleural effusion is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). The immediate cause of the effusion is a delayed hypersensitivity response to mycobacterial antigens in the pleural space. For this reason microbiological analyses are often negative and limited by the lengthy delay in obtaining results. In areas with high TB prevalence, pleural fluid adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels greater than 40 U/l argue strongly for TB; in contrast, low levels of pleural ADA have high negative predictive value in low-prevalence countries. The specificity of this enzyme increases if only lymphocytic exudates are considered. The shortcoming of the ADA test is its inability to provide culture and drug sensitivity information, which is paramount in countries with a high degree of resistance to anti-TB drugs. Sputum induction (in addition to pleural fluid) for acid-fast bacilli and culture is a recommended procedure in all patients with TB pleurisy. The microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay performed on pleural fluid or pleural tissue increases by two to three times the detection of TB over conventional cultures, and it allows for the identification of multidrug-resistant TB. A reasonable management strategy for pleural TB would be to initiate a four-drug regimen and perform a therapeutic thoracentesis in patients with large, symptomatic effusions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.