ArticleRetrovirology2009
Mechanism of HIV-1 Tat RNA translation and its activation by the Tat protein.
Article in Retrovirology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Role of HIV-encoded proteins in cardiovascular disease.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Review
- The translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells reveals key gene regulatory principles.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Guanidines Conjugated with Cell-Penetrating Peptides: A New Approach for the Development of Antileishmanial Molecules.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Phenomenon of Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in the Context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment: Dynamic and Ever Evolving Subject Matter.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- The nuclear transcription factor, TAF7, is a cytoplasmic regulator of protein synthesis.Science advances · 2021Article
- The RNA-Binding Proteins SRP14 and HMGB3 Control HIV-1 Tat mRNA Processing and Translation During HIV-1 Latency.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Tat IRES modulator of tat mRNA (TIM-TAM): a conserved RNA structure that controls Tat expression and acts as a switch for HIV productive and latent infection.Nucleic acids research · 2020Article
- Reduce and Control: A Combinatorial Strategy for Achieving Sustained HIV Remissions in the Absence of Antiretroviral Therapy.Viruses · 2020Review
- Focus on Translation Initiation of the HIV-1 mRNAs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- The HIV-1 Tat Protein Enhances Splicing at the Major Splice Donor Site.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Methamphetamine augment HIV-1 Tat mediated memory deficits by altering the expression of synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Translational Control of the HIV Unspliced Genomic RNA.Viruses · 2015Review
- Progress and outlook in structural biology of large viral RNAs.Virus research · 2014Review
- Dynamic interactions of the HIV-1 Tat with nucleic acids are critical for Tat activity in reverse transcription.Nucleic acids research · 2014Article
- Internal translation initiation from HIV-1 transcripts is conferred by a common RNA structure.Translation (Austin, Tex.) · 2014Article
- Cell type specificity and structural determinants of IRES activity from the 5' leaders of different HIV-1 transcripts.Nucleic acids research · 2013Article
- Human DDX3 interacts with the HIV-1 Tat protein to facilitate viral mRNA translation.PloS one · 2013Article
- Dual mechanisms of translation initiation of the full-length HIV-1 mRNA contribute to gag synthesis.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is a major viral transactivator required for HIV-1 replication. In the nucleus Tat greatly stimulates the synthesis of full-length transcripts from the HIV-1 promoter by causing efficient transcriptional elongation. Tat induces elongation by directly interacting with the bulge of the transactivation response (TAR) RNA, a hairpin-loop located at the 5'-end of all nascent viral transcripts, and by recruiting cellular transcriptional co-activators. In the cytoplasm, Tat is thought to act as a translational activator of HIV-1 mRNAs. Thus, Tat plays a central role in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression both at the level of mRNA and protein synthesis. The requirement of Tat in these processes poses an essential question on how sufficient amounts of Tat can be made early on in HIV-1 infected cells to sustain its own synthesis. To address this issue we studied translation of the Tat mRNA in vitro and in human cells using recombinant monocistronic and dicistronic RNAs containing the 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR) of Tat RNA.
resultsThis study shows that the Tat mRNA can be efficiently translated both in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, our data suggest that translation initiation from the Tat mRNA probably occurs by a internal ribosome entry site (IRES) mechanism. Finally, we show that Tat protein can strongly stimulate translation from its cognate mRNA in a TAR dependent fashion.
conclusionThese results indicate that Tat mRNA translation is efficient and benefits from a feedback stimulation by the Tat protein. This translational control mechanism would ensure that minute amounts of Tat mRNA are sufficient to generate enough Tat protein required to stimulate HIV-1 replication.
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