Evidence map›Paper›PMID 19669896›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2009

Formulation of dacarbazine-loaded cubosomes-part I: influence of formulation variables.

Di Bei, Jacob Marszalek, Bi-Botti C Youan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Review
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  6. Collaboration ofFuture science OA · 2024
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  7. The efficacy ofDrug delivery · 2022
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  8. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Engineering tenofovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles to maximize microbicide mucoadhesion.European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2011
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Di BeiDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Pharmacy, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2499, USA.
Jacob Marszalek
Bi-Botti C Youan

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined influence of three-level, three-factor variables on the formulation of dacarbazine (a water-soluble drug) loaded cubosomes. Box-Behnken design was used to obtain a second-order polynomial equation with interaction terms to predict response values. In this study, the selected and coded variables X(1), X(2), and X(3) representing the amount of monoolein, polymer, and drug as the independent variables, respectively. Fifteen runs of experiments were conducted, and the particle size (Y(1)) and encapsulation efficiency (Y(2)) were evaluated as dependent variables. We performed multiple regression to establish a full-model second-order polynomial equation relating independent and dependent variables. A second-order polynomial regression model was constructed for Y(1) and confirmed by performing checkpoint analysis. The optimization process and Pareto charts were obtained automatically, and they predicted the levels of independent coded variables X(1), X(2), and X(3) (-1, 0.53485, and -1, respectively) and minimized Y(1) while maximizing Y(2). These corresponded to a cubosome formulation made from 100 mg of monoolein, 107 mg of polymer, and 2 mg with average diameter of 104.7 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 6.9%. The Box-Behnken design proved to be a useful tool to optimize the particle size of these drug-loaded cubosomes. For encapsulation efficiency (Y(2)), further studies are needed to identify appropriate regression model.

Indexed as

Administration, CutaneousAlgorithmsAntineoplastic AgentsChemistry, PharmaceuticalDacarbazineDrug CompoundingDrug StabilityMicroscopy, Electron, TransmissionModels, StatisticalNanoparticlesParticle SizeAntineoplastic AgentsDacarbazine

Identifiers

PMID19669896
PMCPMC2802140

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.