ArticlePloS one2009
Gene expression in skeletal muscle biopsies from people with type 2 diabetes and relatives: differential regulation of insulin signaling pathways.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myostatin Research: From Molecular Understanding to Clinical Translation for Musculoskeletal and Metabolic Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Myostatin in Obesity: A Molecular Link Between Metabolic Dysfunction and Musculotendinous Remodeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Advanced Gene-Expression Analysis of Skeletal Muscles Focusing on Normal, Glucose-Intolerant, and Diabetic Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Mechanistic exploration of hexokinase 2 and metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathy.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Article
- How Can Promoting Skeletal Muscle Health and Exercise in Children and Adolescents Prevent Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Sex-specific increases in myostatin and SMAD3 contribute to obesity-related insulin resistance in human skeletal muscle and primary human myotubes.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- miRDM-rfGA: Genetic algorithm-based identification of a miRNA set for detecting type 2 diabetes.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- Genome-wide screening for genetic variants in polyadenylation signal (PAS) sites in mouse selection lines for fatness and leanness.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2023Article
- Diabetes mellitus in peripheral artery disease: Beyond a risk factor.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- The Effects of Dietary Supplements, Nutraceutical Agents, and Physical Exercise on Myostatin Levels: Hope or Hype?Metabolites · 2022Review
- Highly perturbed genes and hub genes associated with type 2 diabetes in different tissues of adult humans: a bioinformatics analytic workflow.Functional & integrative genomics · 2022Article
- Myostatin: a multifunctional role in human female reproduction and fertility - a short review.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Review
- Human and mouse muscle transcriptomic analyses identify insulin receptor mRNA downregulation in hyperinsulinemia-associated insulin resistance.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Myokines in Acromegaly: An Altered Irisin Profile.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Article
- Enhanced myostatin expression and signalling promote tubulointerstitial inflammation in diabetic nephropathy.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Disparate Central and Peripheral Effects of Circulating IGF-1 Deficiency on Tissue Mitochondrial Function.Molecular neurobiology · 2020Article
- Signs of Deregulated Gene Expression Are Present in Both CD14Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Article
- GDF8 Promotes the Cell Invasiveness in Human Trophoblasts by Upregulating the Expression of Follistatin-Like 3 Through the ALK5-SMAD2/3 Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGene expression alterations have previously been associated with type 2 diabetes, however whether these changes are primary causes or secondary effects of type 2 diabetes is not known. As healthy first degree relatives of people with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, they provide a good model in the search for primary causes of the disease. METHODS/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe determined gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle biopsies from Caucasian males with type 2 diabetes, healthy first degree relatives, and healthy controls. Gene expression was measured using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Arrays covering the entire human genome. These arrays have not previously been used for this type of study. We show for the first time that genes involved in insulin signaling are significantly upregulated in first degree relatives and significantly downregulated in people with type 2 diabetes. On the individual gene level, 11 genes showed altered expression levels in first degree relatives compared to controls, among others KIF1B and GDF8 (myostatin). LDHB was found to have a decreased expression in both groups compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We hypothesize that increased expression of insulin signaling molecules in first degree relatives of people with type 2 diabetes, work in concert with increased levels of insulin as a compensatory mechanism, counter-acting otherwise reduced insulin signaling activity, protecting these individuals from severe insulin resistance. This compensation is lost in people with type 2 diabetes where expression of insulin signaling molecules is reduced.
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