ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
A TLR2 agonist in German cockroach frass activates MMP-9 release and is protective against allergic inflammation in mice.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic responses during acute human anaphylaxis are characterized by upregulation of innate inflammatory gene networks.PloS one · 2014Trial
- Lung epithelial and alveolar macrophage-like cell interactions significantly modify innate responses to bacterial endotoxin with the involvement of direct cellular contacts, TNF-α, ICAM1 and MCP-1.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Human apical-out nasal organoids reveal an essential role of matrix metalloproteinases in airway epithelial differentiation.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Level of Pyrethroid-Resistance Associated with Cytochrome P450 Expression in German CockroachJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2021Article
- Increased Ratio of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)/Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 from Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Asthma with a Fast Decline in FEVJournal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
- TLR2 Regulates Allergic Airway Inflammation and Autophagy Through PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.Inflammation · 2017Article
- GM-CSF produced by the airway epithelium is required for sensitization to cockroach allergen.Mucosal immunology · 2017Article
- Cockroach allergen exposure and risk of asthma.Allergy · 2016Review
- MiR-19 suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocytes cytokine release by targeting toll like receptor 2 in rheumatoid arthritis.American journal of translational research · 2016Article
- Involvement of Toll-like receptor 2 and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in epithelial expression of airway remodeling factors.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2015Article
- Expression profiling and functional analysis of Toll-like receptors in primary healthy human nasal epithelial cells shows no correlation and a refractory LPS response.Clinical and translational allergy · 2015Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Exerts Antiviral Activity against Respiratory Syncytial Virus.PloS one · 2015Article
- Activation of toll-like receptor 2 promotes invasion by upregulating MMPs in glioma stem cells.American journal of translational research · 2015Article
- Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is involved in airway inflammation in cough variant asthma.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2014Article
- Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 enhances experimental asthma by promoting Th2 and Th17 and limiting regulatory T cell and plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2013Article
- Functional interaction of cockroach allergens and mannose receptor (CD206) in human circulating fibrocytes.PloS one · 2013Article
- Beneficial effects of sitostanol on the attenuated immune function in asthma patients: results of an in vitro approach.PloS one · 2012Article
- Sensitization to cockroach allergen: immune regulation and genetic determinants.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Pulmonary endotoxin tolerance protects against cockroach allergen-induced asthma-like inflammation in a mouse model.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2012Article
- Activation of matrix metalloproteinases following anti-Aβ immunotherapy; implications for microhemorrhage occurrence.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The role of TLR2 in modulating experimentally induced asthma is not fully understood. We recently identified that German cockroach (GC) frass contains a TLR2 ligand allowing us to investigate the role of a TLR2 agonist in a complex real world allergen in mediating allergic airway inflammation. GC frass exposure significantly increased airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and serum IgE levels in wild-type mice; however the same exposure in TLR2-deficient mice resulted in greatly exaggerated serum IgE and eosinophilia but diminished airway neutrophilia, suggesting a protective role for TLR2. Since GC frass inhalation usually induces airway neutrophilia, we queried the effect of neutrophil depletion on airway responses. Inhibition of neutrophil recruitment into the airways of naive wild-type mice before intratracheal inhalation of GC frass resulted in significantly increased levels of serum IgE and eosinophilia. Neutrophils are a rich source of MMP-9, and we found that MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in the airways of mice following exposure to GC frass. Importantly the levels of MMP-9 were significantly decreased in neutrophil-depleted and TLR2-deficient mice after exposure to GC frass, suggesting that TLR2 regulated MMP-9 release from neutrophils. Functionally, MMP-9-deficient mice had more acute allergic inflammation than wild-type mice, suggesting that MMP-9 was protective against experimentally induced asthma. These data suggest that TLR2 activation of neutrophils leads to release of MMP-9 which decreases allergic responses to GC frass. This suggests a protective role for TLR2 activation and MMP-9 release in the context of experimentally induced asthma in mice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.