ReviewLipids in health and disease2009
Are all n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids created equal?
Review in Lipids in health and disease, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 330 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Monoacylglycerol Form of Omega-3s Improves Its Bioavailability in Humans Compared to Other Forms.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Monoacylglycerol-enriched oil increases EPA/DHA delivery to circulatory system in humans with induced lipid malabsorption conditions.Journal of lipid research · 2016Trial
- A randomized placebo-controlled pilot trial of omega-3 fatty acids and alpha lipoic acid in Alzheimer's disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2014Trial
- Effects of dietary cold-pressed turnip rapeseed oil and butter on serum lipids, oxidized LDL and arterial elasticity in men with metabolic syndrome.Lipids in health and disease · 2010Trial
- Docosahexaenoic acid remodels lipid composition of lipid rafts and mitochondrial function in ApoE4/4 mouse brain: a multi-omic investigation.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Metabolite Variations inFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Article
- Fatty Acids and Their Roles in Cardiac Physiology and Pathology: Mechanistic and Interventional Studies.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Associations between prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and repeated measures of bioactive lipids during pregnancy in the LIFECODES cohort.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Modulation of inflammatory pathways by omega-3 fatty acids in knee joint health for the management of post-traumatic osteoarthritis: a review.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Review
- Biochemical Effects of Natural and Nanoparticle Fish and Algal Oils in Gilt Pregnancy Diets on Base Excision Repair Enzymes in Newborn Piglets-Socioeconomic Implications for Regional Pig Farming-Preliminary Results.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- High concentrations of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids in serum are inversely associated with risk of future incident venous thromboembolism - the HUNT cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Urolithin a Synergistically Mitigate Heat Stroke-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Microglial Cells.Nutrients · 2025Article
- DietaryNutrients · 2025Article
- Mitigation strategies for gastrointestinal (GI) immune-related adverse events for patients with solid tumors receiving immunotherapy.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Metabolomic profiling of serum alterations and biomarker discovery in feline hepatic liposis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Impact of Olive Oil Components on the Expression of Genes Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Dietary habit and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a mendelian randomization study identifying protective and risk factors.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Improving Undernutrition with Microalgae.Nutrients · 2024Review
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids have been shown to have potential beneficial effects for chronic diseases including cancer, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in particular have been studied extensively, whereas substantive evidence for a biological role for the precursor, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), is lacking. It is not enough to assume that ALA exerts effects through conversion to EPA and DHA, as the process is highly inefficient in humans. Thus, clarification of ALA's involvement in health and disease is essential, as it is the principle n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumed in the North American diet and intakes of EPA and DHA are typically very low. There is evidence suggesting that ALA, EPA and DHA have specific and potentially independent effects on chronic disease. Therefore, this review will assess our current understanding of the differential effects of ALA, EPA and DHA on cancer, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. Potential mechanisms of action will also be reviewed. Overall, a better understanding of the individual role for ALA, EPA and DHA is needed in order to make appropriate dietary recommendations regarding n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.