ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2009
Estrogen induces caspase-dependent cell death during hypothalamic development.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apoptosis and Brain Dervived Neurotrophic Factor are increased in cortical neurons of Marfan Syndrome mice.microPublication biology · 2025Article
- The Role of Estrogen in Brain MicroRNAs Regulation.Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin · 2024Review
- Epigenetic Mechanisms of Brain Sexual Differentiation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Review
- The Periventricular Nucleus as a Brain Center Containing Dopaminergic Neurons and Neurons Expressing Individual Enzymes of Dopamine Synthesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Oestrogenic Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- On the role of sex steroids in biological functions by classical and non-classical pathways. An update.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2021Review
- Sex-specific responses of the pubertal neuroimmune axis in CD-1 mice.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Proteome profiling of different rat brain regions reveals the modulatory effect of prolonged maternal separation on proteins involved in cell death-related processes.Biological research · 2021Article
- Signaling Pathways and Sex Differential Processes in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Review
- Sexually Dimorphic Formation of the Preoptic Area and the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis by Neuroestrogens.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Role of 17Journal of oncology · 2020Article
- Neuroimmunology of the female brain across the lifespan: Plasticity to psychopathology.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Review
- Characterization and gonadal hormone regulation of a sexually dimorphic corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 cell group.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2019Article
- A critical period for the trophic actions of leptin on AgRP neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus.The Journal of comparative neurology · 2018Article
- Estradiol and the Development of the Cerebral Cortex: An Unexpected Role?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2018Review
- Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 in the developing mouse forebrain: A novel sex difference revealed in the rostral periventricular hypothalamus.Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Neuroimmunology and neuroepigenetics in the establishment of sex differences in the brain.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2017Review
- Proteomic analyses of limbic regions in neonatal male, female and androgen receptor knockout mice.BMC neuroscience · 2017Article
- Incorporating Sex As a Biological Variable in Neuropsychiatric Research: Where Are We Now and Where Should We Be?Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017Article
- A Review of the Status of Brain Structure Research in Transsexualism.Archives of sexual behavior · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The sexually dimorphic population of dopamine neurons in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus of the preoptic region of the hypothalamus (AVPV) develops postnatally under the influence of testosterone, which is aromatized to estrogen. There are fewer dopaminergic neurons labeled with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the male AVPV than the female, and sex steroids determine this sex difference, yet the role of cell death in specifying numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the AVPV is unknown. Estradiol treatment of the AVPV, in vivo and in vitro, was used to manipulate TH-ir cell number. In vitro, concurrent treatment with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 rescued TH-ir cells. Cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of cell death dependent on the opening of a mitochondrial permeability transition pore also blocked TH-ir cell loss. In vivo, estradiol increased the number of apoptotic profiles, both TUNEL and Hoechst labeled nuclei, in the AVPV. This increased apoptosis was also dependent on the presence of the alpha form of the estrogen receptor. To test for caspase dependent TH-ir cell loss, the pancaspase inhibitor ZVAD (N-benzyloxycabonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone) was used to rescue TH-ir cells from estradiol-mediated reduction in number. Together, these data suggest that an intrinsic cell death pathway is activated by estrogen to regulate TH-ir cell number. Thus, in contrast to the more widespread neuroprotective actions of sex steroids in the mammalian nervous system, in the AVPV estrogen regulates dopaminergic neuron number through a caspase-dependent mechanism of apoptotic cell death.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.