ArticleJournal of virology2009
Stimulus duration and response time independently influence the kinetics of lytic cycle reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Viral response to chemotherapy in endemic burkitt lymphoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2010Trial
- Playing both sides - Epstein-Barr Virus accumulates select cellular transcripts to counter virus-mediated host shut-off in lytic cells.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Article
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Romidepsin and Vorinostat Promote Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2021Article
- Development of a novel inducer for EBV lytic therapy.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2019Article
- Inhibition of Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Reactivation by the Atypical Antipsychotic Drug Clozapine.Viruses · 2019Article
- Review
- The Role of Epigenetic Regulation in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Gastric Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- The Epstein-Barr Virus Immunoevasins BCRF1 and BPLF1 Are Expressed by a Mechanism Independent of the Canonical Late Pre-initiation Complex.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- A locus encompassing the Epstein-Barr virus bglf4 kinase regulates expression of genes encoding viral structural proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2014Article
- Activation and repression of Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus lytic cycles by short- and medium-chain fatty acids.Journal of virology · 2014Article
- Identification of a new class of small molecules that efficiently reactivate latent Epstein-Barr Virus.ACS chemical biology · 2014Article
- Role of RNF4 in the ubiquitination of Rta of Epstein-Barr virus.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2013Article
- Epigenetic histone modification of Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 promoter during latency and reactivation in Raji cells.Journal of virology · 2012Article
- Valproic acid antagonizes the capacity of other histone deacetylase inhibitors to activate the Epstein-barr virus lytic cycle.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Cellular immediate-early gene expression occurs kinetically upstream of Epstein-Barr virus bzlf1 and brlf1 following cross-linking of the B cell antigen receptor in the Akata Burkitt lymphoma cell line.Journal of virology · 2010Article
- Epstein-Barr virus LF2 protein regulates viral replication by altering Rta subcellular localization.Journal of virology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be reactivated from latency into the lytic cycle by many stimuli believed to operate by different mechanisms. Cell lines containing EBV differ in their responses to inducing stimuli, yet all stimuli require de novo protein synthesis (44). A crucial step preliminary to identifying these proteins and determining when they are required is to measure the duration of stimulus and response time needed for activation of expression of EBV BRLF1 and BZLF1, the earliest viral indicators of reactivation. Here we show, with four EBV-containing cell lines that respond to different inducing agents, that stimuli that are effective at reactivating EBV can be divided into two main groups. The histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate and trichostatin A require a relatively long period of exposure, from 2 to 4 h or longer. Phorbol esters, anti-immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG), and, surprisingly, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine require short exposures of 15 min or less. The cell/virus background influences the response time. Expression of the EBV BZLF1 and BRLF1 genes can be detected before 2 h in Akata cells treated with anti-IgG, but both long- and short-duration stimuli required 4 or more hr to activate BZLF1 and BRLF1 expression in HH514-16, Raji, or B95-8 cells. Thus, stimulus duration and response time are independent variables. Neither stimulus duration nor response time can be predicted by the number of cells activated into the lytic cycle. These experiments shed new light on the earliest events leading to lytic cycle reactivation of EBV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.