ArticleJournal of virology2009
Complete protection from repeated vaginal simian-human immunodeficiency virus exposures in macaques by a topical gel containing tenofovir alone or with emtricitabine.
Article in Journal of virology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 188 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phase 1 randomized pharmacokinetic and safety study of a 90-day tenofovir vaginal ring in the United States.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Trial
- Vaginal Microbiota and Mucosal Pharmacokinetics of Tenofovir in Healthy Women Using a 90-Day Tenofovir/Levonorgestrel Vaginal Ring.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tenofovir Reduced-Glycerin 1% Gel in the Rectal and Vaginal Compartments in Women: A Cross-Compartmental Study With Directly Observed Dosing.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Genital Tenofovir Concentrations Correlate With Protection Against HIV Infection in the CAPRISA 004 Trial: Importance of Adherence for Microbicide Effectiveness.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Tenofovir-based preexposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among African women.The New England journal of medicine · 2015Trial
- Single-agent tenofovir versus combination emtricitabine plus tenofovir for pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 acquisition: an update of data from a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Trial
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- A multi-compartment, single and multiple dose pharmacokinetic study of the vaginal candidate microbicide 1% tenofovir gel.PloS one · 2011Trial
- Effectiveness and safety of tenofovir gel, an antiretroviral microbicide, for the prevention of HIV infection in women.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2010Trial
- Review
- Defining blood hematology reference values in female pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) using the Isolation Forest algorithm.Journal of medical primatology · 2024Article
- Tenofovir-tethered gold nanoparticles as a novel multifunctional long-acting anti-HIV therapy to overcome deficient drug delivery-: an in vivo proof of concept.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- Translational Models to Predict Target Concentrations for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Women.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Review
- The effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on tenofovir alafenamide in rhesus macaques.Antiviral research · 2021Article
- Current and Future PrEP Medications and Modalities: On-demand, Injectables, and Topicals.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
New-generation gels that deliver potent antiretroviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have renewed hopes for topical prophylaxis as a prevention strategy. Previous preclinical research with monkey models suggested that high concentrations and drug combinations are needed for high efficacy. We evaluated two long-acting reverse transcriptase inhibitors, tenofovir (TFV) and emtricitabine (FTC), by using a twice-weekly repeat challenge macaque model and showed that a preexposure vaginal application of gel with 1% TFV alone or in combination with 5% FTC fully protected macaques from a total of 20 exposures to simian-human immunodeficiency virus SF162p3. FTC and TFV were detected in plasma 30 min after vaginal application, suggesting rapid absorption. FTC was detected more frequently than TFV and showed higher levels, reflecting the fivefold-higher concentration of this drug than of TFV. Two of 12 repeatedly exposed but protected macaques showed limited T-cell priming, which did not induce resistance to infection when macaques were rechallenged. Thus, single drugs with durable antiviral activity can provide highly effective topical prophylaxis and overcome the need for noncoital use or for drug combinations which are more complex and costly to formulate and approve.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.