ArticlePloS one2009
Blocking TLR2 activity attenuates pulmonary metastases of tumor.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- HAX1-Overexpression Augments Cardioprotective Efficacy of Stem Cell-Based Therapy Through Mediating Hippo-Yap Signaling.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2024Article
- Effect of NETs/COX-2 pathway on immune microenvironment and metastasis in gastric cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Scaffold Coupled to CpG and MAGE-A5 as a Treatment against Murine Melanoma.Polymers · 2022Article
- Unraveling the Tomaralimab Epitope on the Toll-like Receptor 2 via Molecular Dynamics and Deep Learning.ACS omega · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a candidate prognostic factor in testicular germ cell tumors as well as an indicator of immune function in the tumor microenvironment.Bioengineered · 2021Article
- Role of heat shock proteins in aging and chronic inflammatory diseases.GeroScience · 2021Review
- MMP2 and TLRs modulate immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.JCI insight · 2021Article
- The HSP Immune Network in Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Toll-Like Receptor 2 at the Crossroad between Cancer Cells, the Immune System, and the Microbiota.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Toll-like receptors: exploring their potential connection with post-operative infectious complications and cancer recurrence.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2020Review
- Exposition to Biological Control AgentFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Association between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and toll-like receptor 4 in patients with pancreatic carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Degradation of tumour stromal hyaluronan by small extracellular vesicle-PH20 stimulates CD103Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2019Article
- Cooperation of Oligodeoxynucleotides and Synthetic Molecules as Enhanced Immune Modulators.Frontiers in nutrition · 2019Review
- Staphylococcus aureus modulation of innate immune responses through Toll-like (TLR), (NOD)-like (NLR) and C-type lectin (CLR) receptors.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2018Article
- Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
- Identification of a TLR2-regulated gene signature associated with tumor cell growth in gastric cancer.Oncogene · 2017Article
- Molecular mechanisms involved in dendritic cell dysfunction in cancer.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-06-18Concerns/Issues about Image · Duplication of/in Image · Error in Image · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Results Not Reproducible · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMetastasis is the most pivotal cause of mortality in cancer patients. Immune tolerance plays a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis. METHODS AND
findingsIn this study, we investigated the potential roles and mechanisms of TLR2 signaling on tumor metastasis in a mouse model of intravenously injected B16 melanoma cells. Multiple subtypes of TLRs were expressed on B16 cells and several human cancer cell lines; TLR2 mediated the invasive activity of these cells. High metastatic B16 cells released more heat shock protein 60 than poor metastatic B16-F1 cells. Importantly, heat shock protein 60 released by tumor cells caused a persistent activation of TLR2 and was critical in the constitutive activation of transcription factor Stat3, leading to the release of immunosuppressive cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, targeting TLR2 markedly reduced pulmonary metastases and increased the survival of B16-bearing mice by reversing B16 cells induced immunosuppressive microenvironment and restoring tumor-killing cells such as CD8(+) T cells and M1 macrophages. Combining an anti-TLR2 antibody and a cytotoxic agent, gemcitabine, provided a further improvement in the survival of tumor-bearing mice. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that TLR2 is an attractive target against metastasis and that targeting immunosuppressive microenvironment using anti-TLR2 antibody is a novel therapeutic strategy for combating a life-threatening metastasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.