ArticlePloS one2009
Abnormally high levels of virus-infected IFN-gamma+ CCR4+ CD4+ CD25+ T cells in a retrovirus-associated neuroinflammatory disorder.
Article in PloS one, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study of mogamulizumab with open-label extension study in a minimum number of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type-1-associated myelopathy.Journal of neurology · 2024Trial
- Clinical trial of raltegravir, an integrase inhibitor, in HAM/TSP.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2021Trial
- Targeted Interventions in HAM/TSP: Emerging Therapies and Future Directions - A Narrative Review.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Loss of HTLV-1-specific CD8Blood neoplasia · 2026Article
- Immunophenotype and proviral landscape of HTLV-1c infection and pulmonary disease.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Therapeutic Approaches for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Current and Emerging Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Transferrin Receptor Marks a Foxp3-Low Treg-like Inflammatory T Cell Subset Associated with Disease Severity in HAM/TSP.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Interferon dynamics in deltaretroviruses: why HTLV-1 evades, but BLV responds.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Impact of oncogenic viruses on autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Unmasking HAM/TSP: understanding HTLV-1-driven neurological disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Impact of HTLV-1 infection on clinicopathological characteristics and tumour immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1.Viruses · 2024Review
- Imbalanced IL10/TGF-β production by regulatory T-lymphocytes in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Complete Rescue of HTLV-1Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Antiviral immune response against HTLV-1 invalidates T-SPOT.TBFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Factors Influencing the Indeterminate Results in a T-SPOT.TB test: A Matched Case-control Study.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Th17/IL-17 Axis in HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy Tropical Spastic Paraparesis and Multiple Sclerosis: Novel Insights into the Immunity During HAMTSP.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Retroviral b-Zip protein (HBZ) contributes to the release of soluble and exosomal immune checkpoint molecules in the context of neuroinflammation.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- HAM/TSP Pathogenesis: The Transmigration Activity of HTLV-1-Infected T Cells into Tissues.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a human retrovirus associated with both HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), which is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease, and adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is known to be as follows: HTLV-1-infected T cells trigger a hyperimmune response leading to neuroinflammation. However, the HTLV-1-infected T cell subset that plays a major role in the accelerated immune response has not yet been identified. PRINCIPAL
findingsHere, we demonstrate that CD4(+)CD25(+)CCR4(+) T cells are the predominant viral reservoir, and their levels are increased in HAM/TSP patients. While CCR4 is known to be selectively expressed on T helper type 2 (Th2), Th17, and regulatory T (Treg) cells in healthy individuals, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma production is extraordinarily increased and IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, and Foxp3 expression is decreased in the CD4(+)CD25(+)CCR4(+) T cells of HAM/TSP patients as compared to those in healthy individuals, and the alteration in function is specific to this cell subtype. Notably, the frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+)CD25(+)CCR4(+)Foxp3(-) T cells is dramatically increased in HAM/TSP patients, and this was found to be correlated with disease activity and severity.
conclusionsWe have defined a unique T cell subset--IFN-gamma(+)CCR4(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells--that is abnormally increased and functionally altered in this retrovirus-associated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.