ArticleInfection and immunity2009
Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles enter human epithelial cells via an endocytic pathway and are sorted to lysosomal compartments.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review: Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Implications.International dental journal · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicles-Associated DNA Triggers Inflammation by Inducing IL-6 in Astrocytes.Molecular oral microbiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived extracellular vesicles aggravate bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis by promoting Syk-dependent osteoclastogenesis.International journal of oral science · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as players in biofilm dynamics and community interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- From biogenesis to host modulation: the expanding biology of oral streptococcal membrane vesicles.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- The oral-vascular axis: immune mechanisms linking periodontal dysbiosis to systemic vascular pathology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Porphyromonas gingivalis Type 9 Secretion System Promotes Dysregulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity With Perturbed TGF-β/Smad Signaling.MicrobiologyOpen · 2025Article
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Exploit Filopodial Surfing and Retraction Mechanisms to Reach the Host Cell Body in an Actin-Dependent Manner.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Opportunities and challenges of bacterial extracellular vesicles in regenerative medicine.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Membrane vesicles from Red Complex bacteria: key players in oral pathogenesis, immune disruption, systemic diseases, and therapeutic insights.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Review
- Outer membrane vesicles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Oral Bacteria Act as a Dagger in Host Immunity: Insight Tips from Local Diseases to Systemic Effects.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Fusobacterium nucleatum Trigger Periodontitis Through Host Overimmunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The two coin sides of bacterial extracellular membrane nanovesicles: atherosclerosis trigger or remedy.Discover nano · 2024Review
- Oral Pathobiont-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in the Oral-Gut Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicle as Emerging Actors in Host Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Multivariate Analysis of Individual Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Using Fluorescence Microscopy.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2024Article
- Hemophore-like proteins of the HmuY family in the oral and gut microbiome: unraveling the mystery of their evolution.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, a periodontal pathogen, secretes outer membrane vesicles (MVs) that contain major virulence factors, including major fimbriae and proteases termed gingipains, although it is not confirmed whether MVs enter host cells. In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms involved in the interactions of P. gingivalis MVs with human epithelial cells. Our results showed that MVs swiftly adhered to HeLa and immortalized human gingival epithelial cells in a fimbria-dependent manner and then entered via a lipid raft-dependent endocytic pathway. The intracellular MVs were subsequently routed to early endosome antigen 1-associated compartments and then were sorted to lysosomal compartments within 90 min, suggesting that intracellular MVs were ultimately degraded by the cellular digestive machinery. However, P. gingivalis MVs remained there for over 24 h and significantly induced acidified compartment formation after being taken up by the cellular digestive machinery. In addition, MV entry was shown to be mediated by a novel pathway for transmission of bacterial products into host cells, a Rac1-regulated pinocytic pathway that is independent of caveolin, dynamin, and clathrin. Our findings indicate that P. gingivalis MVs efficiently enter host cells via an endocytic pathway and survive within the endocyte organelles for an extended period, which provides better understanding of the role of MVs in the etiology of periodontitis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.