Trial reportNature medicine2009
Persistence of HIV-1 receptor-positive cells after HSV-2 reactivation is a potential mechanism for increased HIV-1 acquisition.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02590068 (Effects of Chronic Viral Infection on Immune Response to Zoster Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 217 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Chronic Viral Infection on Immune Response to Zoster Vaccination
Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 361 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of coinfections in HIV epidemic trajectory and positive prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2011Pooled it
- B cells, antibody-secreting cells, and virus-specific antibodies respond to herpes simplex virus 2 reactivation in skin.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Trial
- Pre-exposure prophylaxis differentially alters circulating and mucosal immune cell activation in herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive women.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Trial
- Herpes Simplex Virus Suppressive Therapy in Herpes Simplex Virus-2/Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Coinfected Women Is Associated With Reduced Systemic CXCL10 But Not Genital Cytokines.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2016Trial
- Chemokine Levels in the Penile Coronal Sulcus Correlate with HIV-1 Acquisition and Are Reduced by Male Circumcision in Rakai, Uganda.PLoS pathogens · 2016Trial
- Short communication: T cell activation in HIV-1/herpes simplex virus-2-coinfected Kenyan women receiving valacyclovir.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Trial
- Clinical and virologic response to episodic acyclovir for genital ulcers among HIV-1 seronegative, herpes simplex virus type 2 seropositive African women: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2012Trial
- Impact of herpes simplex virus type 2 on HIV-1 acquisition and progression in an HIV vaccine trial (the Step study).Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2011Trial
- Human papillomavirus 16-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in humans excludes CD8 T cells from dysplastic epithelium.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2010Trial
- Trial
- Use of acyclovir for suppression of human immunodeficiency virus infection is not associated with genotypic evidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 resistance to acyclovir: analysis of specimens from three phase III trials.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2010Trial
- Epithelial interferon-γ responsiveness shapes chemokine induction and clinical outcomes in herpes simplex virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Genital Immune Correlates of Seroprevalent and Seroincident Herpes Simplex Type 2 Infection Among Women Who Sell Sex in Nairobi, Kenya.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- Developments in genital herpes: progress in prevention and treatment.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Genital herpes shedding episodes associate with altered spatial organization and activation of mucosal immune cells.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Role of mucosal chemokines in the development of tissue-resident CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Limitations of acyclovir and identification of potent HSV antivirals using 3D bioprinted human skin equivalents.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Strong Association Between HIV Incidence and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Zambia and South Africa: Prospective Data From the HPTN 071 (PopART) Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Viral Genomic Variation and the Severity of Genital Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Infection as Quantified by Shedding Rate: A Viral Genome-Wide Association Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To explore the mechanism by which herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 infection is related to HIV-1 acquisition, we conducted in situ analysis of the cellular infiltrate from sequential biopsies of HSV-2 lesions from patients on and off antiviral therapy. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and a mixed population of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), including cells expressing the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, persisted at sites of HSV-2 reactivation for months after healing, even with daily antiviral therapy. The CD4(+) T cells that persisted reacted to HSV-2 antigen, were enriched for expression of the chemokine receptor CCR5, and were contiguous to DCs expressing the interleukin-3 receptor CD123 or DC-SIGN. Ex vivo infection with a CCR5-tropic strain of HIV-1 revealed greater concentrations of integrated HIV-1 DNA in cells derived from healed genital lesion biopsies than in cells from control skin biopsies. The persistence and enrichment of HIV receptor-positive inflammatory cells in the genitalia help explain the inability of anti-HSV-2 therapy to reduce HIV acquisition.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.