ArticleNature immunology2009
HIV-1 evades virus-specific IgG2 and IgA responses by targeting systemic and intestinal B cells via long-range intercellular conduits.
Article in Nature immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 190 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
190 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 296 citations in OpenAlex.
- Employing Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies as a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prophylactic & Therapeutic Application.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Antiviral Innate Immune Activation in HIV-Infected Adults Negatively Affects H1/IC31-Induced Vaccine-Specific Memory CD4+ T Cells.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Trial
- Tunneling nanotubes contribute to Zika virus pathogenesis at the maternal-fetal interfacemBio · 2026Article
- Modeling of longitudinal immune profiles reveals distinct immunogenic signatures following five COVID-19 vaccinations among people living with HIV.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Intercellular highways of viral spread: tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles at the maternal-fetal interface.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
- Induction of tunnelling nanotube-like structures by influenza A viruses requires the onset of apoptosis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Nonlytic Egress and Transmission in the Virus World.Annual review of biochemistry · 2025Review
- HIV-1 Nef activates proviral DNA transcription by recruiting Src kinase to phosphorylate host protein Nef-associated factor 1 to compromise its viral restrictive function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Mucosal immunity in acute HIV: a review of recent work.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuatedeLife · 2025Article
- The Impact of HIV on B Cell Compartment and Its Implications for COVID-19 Vaccinations in People with HIV.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal germinal center B cell depletion and reduction in IgAScience immunology · 2024Article
- Sustained Long-Term Decline in Anti-HCV Neutralizing Antibodies in HIV/HCV-Coinfected Patients Five Years after HCV Therapy: A Retrospective Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Microbicides for Topical HIV Immunoprophylaxis: Current Status and Future Prospects.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- A role for tunneling nanotubes in virus spread.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Intercellular Highways in Transport Processes.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Contact-dependent communication between immune cells generates protection but also facilitates viral spread. Here we found that macrophages formed long-range actin-propelled conduits in response to negative factor (Nef), a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protein with immunosuppressive functions. Conduits attenuated immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and IgA class switching in systemic and intestinal lymphoid follicles by shuttling Nef from infected macrophages to B cells through a guanine-exchange factor-dependent pathway involving the amino-terminal anchor, central core and carboxy-terminal flexible loop of Nef. By showing stronger virus-specific IgG2 and IgA responses in patients with Nef-deficient virions, our data suggest that HIV-1 exploits intercellular 'highways' as a 'Trojan horse' to deliver Nef to B cells and evade humoral immunity systemically and at mucosal sites of entry.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.