ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2009
Increased risk of genital ulcer disease in women during the first month after initiating antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2024 European guidelines for the management of genital herpes.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2025Guideline
- Pooled it
- Transient Increase in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2)-Associated Genital Ulcers Following Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV/HSV-2-Coinfected Individuals.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 2 after initiation of antiretroviral therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Increase in HSV shedding at initiation of antiretroviral therapy and decrease in shedding over time on antiretroviral therapy in HIV and HSV-2 infected persons.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Observational
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Cervicovaginal Shedding Among Women Living With HIV-1 and Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Burkina Faso: An 8-Year Longitudinal Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Genital ulceration does not increase HIV-1 shedding in cervical or vaginal secretions of women taking antiretroviral therapy.Sexually transmitted infections · 2011Article
- Intractable chronic vulval ulceration presenting as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a treatment-failure patient: a case observation.Case reports in obstetrics and gynecology · 2011Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGenital ulcer disease (GUD) is common in HIV-1-infected women, and a small number of studies have suggested increased GUD risk after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. To better define this risk, we monitored 134 women at ART initiation and monthly thereafter.
methodsWomen were evaluated monthly for genital ulcers. Syphilis serology was tested quarterly, and chancroid culture was performed on ulcers that were felt to be clinically consistent with a diagnosis of chancroid. A logistic model with generalized estimating equations was used to analyze predictors of GUD from baseline until 6 months after ART initiation.
resultsDuring the study period, GUD occurred in 54 women (40.3%) at 85 visits (10.0%). GUD prevalence was 9.7% at baseline, increased to 16.7% at month 1 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9 (1.0-3.6), P = 0.04], then decreased to 6.4% by month 6. History of GUD [aOR 3.8 (1.9-7.7), P < 0.001) and CD4 count <100 [aOR 1.8 (1.0-3.4), P = 0.06] were associated with increased risk of GUD after ART initiation. DISCUSSION: Women experience increased risk of GUD in the first month after ART initiation, particularly if they have low CD4 counts or a history of GUD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.