ArticleChemical research in toxicology2009
Macrophages and inflammatory mediators in chemical toxicity: a battle of forces.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 282 citations in OpenAlex.
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- B cells induced regulatory T cells attenuated the classical M1 polarization of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phytochemical Analysis and Phytometabolomic Profiling ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Inhibition of intracellular versus extracellular cathepsin D differentially alters the liver lipidome of mice with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.The FEBS journal · 2025Article
- Platelet-rich Plasma in Orthopedics: Unraveling Cellular Mechanisms, Therapeutic Potential, and Limitations : Platelet-rich Plasma in Orthopedics.Galen medical journal · 2025Review
- Urolithin-C Suppresses Inflammation by Blocking NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Chemical analysis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of Achillea fragrantissima essential oil growing wild in Egypt.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- An overview of the functions and mechanisms of APOBEC3A in tumorigenesis.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Contribution of microglia/macrophage to the pathogenesis of TMEV infection in the central nervous system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms of alveolar macrophage activation in chemical-induced acute lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review of the Protective Mechanism of Curcumin on Cardiovascular Disease.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Promising roles ofJournal of agriculture and food research · 2023Article
- The impact of coal mine dust characteristics on pathways to respiratory harm: investigating the pneumoconiotic potency of coals.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2023Review
- Macrophage Polarization Status Impacts Nanoceria Cellular Distribution but Not Its Biotransformation or Ferritin Effects.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Chemical exposure and alveolar macrophages responses: 'the role of pulmonary defense mechanism in inhalation injuries'.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Review
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages function as control switches of the immune system, providing a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. To accomplish this, they develop into different subsets: classically (M1) or alternatively (M2) activated macrophages. Whereas M1 macrophages display a cytotoxic, proinflammatory phenotype, much like the soldiers of The Dark Side of The Force in the Star Wars movies, M2 macrophages, like Jedi fighters, suppress immune and inflammatory responses and participate in wound repair and angiogenesis. Critical to the actions of these divergent or polarized macrophage subpopulations is the regulated release of inflammatory mediators. When properly controlled, M1 macrophages effectively destroy invading pathogens, tumor cells, and foreign materials. However, when M1 activation becomes excessive or uncontrolled, these cells can succumb to The Dark Side, releasing copious amounts of cytotoxic mediators that contribute to disease pathogenesis. The activity of M1 macrophages is countered by The Force of alternatively activated M2 macrophages, which release anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and mediators involved in extracellular matrix turnover and tissue repair. It is the balance in the production of mediators by these two macrophage subpopulations that ultimately determines the outcome of the tissue response to chemical toxicants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.