ArticlePPAR research2009
Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) Are Stage-Dependent Prognostic Markers of Malignant Melanoma.
Article in PPAR research, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abnormal COX2 protein expression may be correlated with poor prognosis in oral cancer: a meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2014Pooled it
- Modular therapy approach in metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer.World journal of urology · 2010Trial
- Decoding the Role of Lipid Metabolism and Membrane Dynamics in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Genome agnostic, multi-level non-oncogene addiction-based systems pharmacology for rescuing metastatic relapsed/refractory neoplasias.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cyclooxygenase-2 Overexpression and its Association with Histopathological Features of Human Malignant Melanoma.Iranian journal of pathology · 2025Article
- New Insights into the Role of PPARγ in Skin Physiopathology.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Editorial: Integrating transcriptional modulation in systemic tumor therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Integrated Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Indicated Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα/γ agonist pioglitazone for rescuing relapsed or refractory neoplasias by unlocking phenotypic plasticity.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Repurposing [Molecular imaging and biology · 2022Article
- Role of Biomarkers in the Integrated Management of Melanoma.Disease markers · 2021Review
- Lipid metabolic Reprogramming: Role in Melanoma Progression and Therapeutic Perspectives.Cancers · 2020Review
- COX-2 as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in melanoma.Cancer biology & medicine · 2020Review
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR)γ Agonists as Master Modulators of Tumor Tissue.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Therapeutic Principle, Anakoinosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
- Editor's Highlight: PPARβ/δ and PPARγ Inhibit Melanoma Tumorigenicity by Modulating Inflammation and Apoptosis.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2017Article
- Biomodulatory metronomic therapy in stage IV melanoma is well-tolerated and may induce prolonged progression-free survival, a phase I trial.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2016Article
- Anakoinosis: Communicative Reprogramming of Tumor Systems - for Rescuing from Chemorefractory Neoplasia.Cancer microenvironment : official journal of the International Cancer Microenvironment Society · 2015Article
- Prognostic role of PPAR-γ and PTEN in the renal cell carcinoma.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2015Article
- Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Ocular Diseases.Journal of ophthalmology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Using tissue microarrays (TMAs) we studied COX2/PPARG immunoreactivity in a broad spectrum of tumors focussing on clinicopathological correlations and the outcome of patients with malignant melanoma (MM). TMA-1 contained normal and tumor tissues (n = 3448) from 47 organs including skin neoplasms (n = 323); TMA-2 88 primary MM, 101 metastases, and 161 benign nevi. Based on a biomodulatory approach combining COX/PPAR-targeting with metronomic low-dose chemotherapy metastases of 36 patients participating in a randomized trial with metastatic (stage IV) melanoma were investigated using TMA-3. COX2/PPARG immunoreactivity significantly increased from nevi to primary MM and metastases; COX2 positivity was associated with advanced Clark levels and shorter recurrence-free survival. Patients with PPARG-positive metastases and biomodulatory metronomic chemotherapy alone or combined with COX2/PPARG-targeting showed a significantly prolonged progression-free survival. Regarding primary MM, COX2 expression indicates an increased risk of tumor recurrence. In metastatic MM, PPARG expression may be a predicitive marker for response to biomodulatory stroma-targeted therapy.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.