ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2009
Short term persistence of human papillomavirus and risk of cervical precancer and cancer: population based cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of female genital schistosomiasis and human papillomavirus and cervical pre-cancer: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- A dose-response meta-analysis of the relationship between number of pregnancies and risk of gynecological cancers.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Pooled it
- Simple but not simpler: a systematic review of Markov models for economic evaluation of cervical cancer screening.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2018Pooled it
- Patterns of persistent genital human papillomavirus infection among women worldwide: a literature review and meta-analysis.International journal of cancer · 2013Pooled it
- American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.Journal of lower genital tract disease · 2012Pooled it
- American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer.CA: a cancer journal for cliniciansGuideline
- Cervicovaginal microbiome and natural history of HPV in a longitudinal study.PLoS pathogens · 2020Trial
- Triaging women with human papillomavirus infection and normal cytology or low-grade dyskaryosis: evidence from 10-year follow up of the ARTISTIC trial cohort.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2020Trial
- Efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of the HPV-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine in healthy Chinese women aged 18-25 years: results from a randomized controlled trial.International journal of cancer · 2014Trial
- Efficacy of the human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical infection in young Japanese women.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Trial
- Prevention of persistent human papillomavirus infection by an HPV16/18 vaccine: a community-based randomized clinical trial in Guanacaste, Costa Rica.Cancer discovery · 2011Trial
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in women with cervical precancer and cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2011Trial
- Comparison of measurements of human papillomavirus persistence for postcolposcopic surveillance for cervical precancerous lesions.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2010Trial
- HPV-Driven Cervical Carcinogenesis: Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms and Diagnostic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Photodynamic therapy: a promising alternative for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion treatment.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- An Ad26-MVA-BN-based therapeutic vaccine targeting HPV16 and HPV18 related disease is immunogenic in preclinical models and in women with persistent HPV infections.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of differentiating between persistent and new infections on colposcopy referral in HPV-positive triage-negative women: results from the NTCC2 study.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Epidemiological analysis of human papillomavirus infection in senior women: a hospital-based retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The most common combination of co-infections genotypic distribution and clearance patterns of high-risk human papillomavirus in Southern China: a population-based retrospective study.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Development of a multiplexed lateral flow assay for the serologic detection of HPV-associated head and neck cancer.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II or worse (grade II+) or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III+ after short term persistence of prevalently detected carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV).
designPopulation based cohort study.
settingGuanacaste, Costa Rica.
participants2282 sexually active women actively followed after enrolment.
main outcome measuresPrimary end points: three year and five year cumulative incidence of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+ (n=70). Cervical specimens collected at each visit tested for more than 40 HPV genotypes. HPV 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82 were considered the primary carcinogenic genotypes.
resultsWomen who tested positive for a carcinogenic HPV at enrolment and after about one year (9-21 months) (positive/positive) had a three year cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+ of 17.0% (95% confidence interval 12.1% to 22.0%). Those who tested negative/positive (3.4%, 0.1% to 6.8%), positive/negative (1.2%, -0.2% to 2.5%), and negative/negative (0.5%, 0.1% to 0.9%) were at a significantly lower risk. There was little difference in the cumulative incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+ between testing positive twice for any carcinogenic HPV genotype (same genotype or different genotypes) v testing positive twice for the same carcinogenic genotype (17.0% v 21.3%, respectively). Short term persistence of HPV 16 strongly predicted cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II+, with a three year cumulative incidence of 40.8% (26.4% to 55.1%). Similar patterns were observed for the five year cumulative incidence of grade II+ and for three year and five year cumulative incidence of grade III+.
conclusionsShort term persistence of a prevalently detected carcinogenic HPV infection, especially HPV 16, strongly predicts a subsequent diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia II+ over the next few years.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.