ReviewEuropean journal of immunology2009
Natural killer cells remember: an evolutionary bridge between innate and adaptive immunity?
Review in European journal of immunology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research on NK cells in miscarriage: a bibliometric study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Dynamic Changes in Natural Killer Cell Subset Frequencies in the Absence of Cytomegalovirus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Phenotypic Alterations of CD8+ and CD8- CD56+ NK Cell Subsets in Moderate and Severe COVID-19 Disease.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- The recombinant zoster vaccine induces trained immunity in monocytes through persistent downregulation of TGFβ.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Revealing the role of natural killer cells in ankylosing spondylitis: identifying diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- In Vitro Expansion and Transduction of Primary NK Cells Using Feeder Cells Expressing Costimulatory Molecules and IL-21.Cancer science · 2025Article
- The evolution of cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review of its history and current perspectives.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Immunological Profiling of CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Memory-like NK Cells Are a Critical Component of Vaccine-Induced Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Innate and Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Young Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Effect of Pollen on Coral Health.Biology · 2023Review
- Current status of skin cancers with a focus on immunology and immunotherapy.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Comparative immune responses toiScience · 2023Article
- MHC Class I Enables MSCs to Evade NK-Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Exert Immunosuppressive Activity.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2022Article
- The Forgotten Brother: The Innate-like B1 Cell in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Impact of an Immune Modulator Mycobacterium-w on Adaptive Natural Killer Cells and Protection Against COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Mechanistic diversity in MHC class I antigen recognition.The Biochemical journal · 2021Review
- Activation status dictates the function of unlicensed natural killer cells in mice and humans.Blood advances · 2021Article
- New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since their discovery three decades ago, NK cells have been classified as cells of the innate immune system. NK cells were shown to respond rapidly and non-specifically to infection, and were thought to act as a functional "bridge" to sustain the early innate immune response until the later adaptive immune responses could be mounted. In light of new findings showing how NK cells possess nearly all of the features of adaptive immunity including memory, we propose the placement of NK cells as an "evolutionary bridge" between innate and adaptive immunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.