ArticleWorld journal of gastroenterology2009
Bone mineral density and disorders of mineral metabolism in chronic liver disease.
Article in World journal of gastroenterology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- AASLD AST Practice Guideline on adult liver transplantation: Candidate evaluation.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Guideline
- Causal inference regarding infectious aetiology of chronic conditions: a systematic review.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Relationship between use of antidepressants and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2013Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and viral response to therapy in hepatitis C infected children.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Trial
- Handgrip Strength and Trajectories of Preclinical Obesity Progression: A Multistate Model Analysis Using the UK Biobank.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Association of Sarcopenia and Bone Mineral Density in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Standardised Scales.Juntendo medical journal · 2026Article
- Liver function linked to bone health: A bibliometric of the liver-bone axis.World journal of hepatology · 2025Article
- Environmental Cadmium Exposure Exacerbated Bone Loss in NAFLD Mice.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Vitamin D status & bone health in patients with liver cirrhosis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Bone loss in chronic liver diseases: Could healthy liver be a requirement for good bone health?World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Metabolic Bone Disease in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Influencing Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- [Analysis of bone mineral density and its influencing factors in 211 patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with long-term entecavir monotherapy].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Article
- Common musculoskeletal disorders in chronic liver disease patients.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2021Article
- Association between osteoporosis and hepatitis B cirrhosis: a case-control study.African health sciences · 2020Article
- Macrophage-Stimulating Protein Enhances Osteoblastic Differentiation via the Recepteur d'Origine Nantais Receptor and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Pathway.Journal of bone metabolism · 2020Article
- Hepatic osteodystrophy and fracture risk prediction using FRAX tool in Indian patients with cirrhosis.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2020Article
- Relationship between Osteosarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Comparative assessment of sarcopenia using the JSH, AWGS, and EWGSOP2 criteria and the relationship between sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimTo estimate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for metabolic bone disease in patients with cirrhosis.
methodsThe study was performed on 72 Indian patients with cirrhosis (63 male, nine female; aged < 50 years). Etiology of cirrhosis was alcoholism (n = 37), hepatitis B (n = 25) and hepatitis C (n = 10). Twenty-three patients belonged to Child class A, while 39 were in class B and 10 in class C. Secondary causes for metabolic bone disease and osteoporosis were ruled out. Sunlight exposure, physical activity and dietary constituents were calculated. Complete metabolic profiles were derived, and bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual energy X ray absorptiometry. Low BMD was defined as a Z score below -2.
resultsLow BMD was found in 68% of patients. Lumbar spine was the most frequently and severely affected site. Risk factors for low BMD included low physical activity, decreased sunlight exposure, and low lean body mass. Calcium intake was adequate, with unfavorable calcium: protein ratio and calcium: phosphorus ratio. Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent (92%). There was a high incidence of hypogonadism (41%). Serum estradiol level was elevated significantly in patients with normal BMD. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1 and IGF binding protein 3 levels were below the age-related normal range in both groups. IGF-1 was significantly lower in patients with low BMD. Serum osteocalcin level was low (68%) and urinary deoxypyridinoline to creatinine ratio was high (79%), which demonstrated low bone formation with high resorption.
conclusionPatients with cirrhosis have low BMD. Contributory factors are reduced physical activity, low lean body mass, vitamin D deficiency and hypogonadism and low IGF-1 level.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.