ArticleBlood2009
Minimal requirement for induction of natural cytotoxicity and intersection of activation signals by inhibitory receptors.
Article in Blood, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 268 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7-H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Pooled it
- NK Cell Activity and CD57Frontiers in immunology · 2020Trial
- Harnessing the NKG2D immune surveillance pathway using engineered T-cells for the treatment of human disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Long-term major histocompatibility complex class I suppression in astronauts and clinical implications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- From single cell analysis to 3D micro physiological systems: microfluidic tools integrating cancer cell targets for delineating natural killer cell biology.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Review
- HLA-E single-chain trimer shields gene-edited allogeneic CAR T cells from NK cell attack.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Research progress on the role and dysregulation of NK cells in anti-tuberculosis immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer cells suppress NK cell activity by actin-driven polarization of inhibitory ligands to the immunological synapse.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Overcoming CD226-related immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia with CD38 CAR-engineered NK cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Natural killer cell-specific chimeric antigen receptor enhances CAR NK cell functions and anti-tumor activity.Theranostics · 2025Article
- ADCC: the rock band led by therapeutic antibodies, tumor and immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- NKG2D triggering hampers DNAM-1-mediated signaling in human NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Enhancing Anti-Cancer Immune Response by Acidosis-Sensitive Nanobody Display.The Journal of membrane biology · 2024Article
- Comprehensive snapshots of natural killer cells functions, signaling, molecular mechanisms and clinical utilization.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Using In silico models to predict lymphocyte activation and development in a data rich era.Immunoinformatics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Functional genomics identifies N-acetyllactosamine extension of complex N-glycans as a mechanism to evade lysis by natural killer cells.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Natural killer cell engagers for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Authentication and validation of key genes in the treatment of atopic dermatitis with Runfuzhiyang powder: combined RNA-seq, bioinformatics analysis, and experimental research.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Control of acute myeloid leukemia by a trifunctional NKp46-CD16a-NK cell engager targeting CD123.Nature biotechnology · 2023Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells provide innate control of infected and neoplastic cells. Multiple receptors have been implicated in natural cytotoxicity, but their individual contribution remains unclear. Here, we studied the activation of primary, resting human NK cells by Drosophila cells expressing ligands for receptors NKG2D, DNAM-1, 2B4, CD2, and LFA-1. Each receptor was capable of inducing inside-out signals for LFA-1, promoting adhesion, but none induced degranulation. Rather, release of cytolytic granules required synergistic activation through coengagement of receptors, shown here for NKG2D and 2B4. Although engagement of NKG2D and 2B4 was not sufficient for strong target cell lysis, collective engagement of LFA-1, NKG2D, and 2B4 defined a minimal requirement for natural cytotoxicity. Remarkably, inside-out signaling induced by each one of these receptors, including LFA-1, was inhibited by receptor CD94/NKG2A binding to HLA-E. Strong inside-out signals induced by the combination of NKG2D and 2B4 or by CD16 could overcome CD94/NKG2A inhibition. In contrast, degranulation induced by these receptors was still subject to inhibition by CD94/NKG2A. These results reveal multiple layers in the activation pathway for natural cytotoxicity and that steps as distinct as inside-out signaling to LFA-1 and signals for granule release are sensitive to inhibition by CD94/NKG2A.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.