ArticlePM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation2009
Disparities in stroke rehabilitation: results of a study in an integrated health system in northern California.
Article in PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Influence of Socioeconomic Status on Functional Outcomes After Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Pooled it
- Racial and ethnic disparities in post-acute care service utilization after stroke.Geriatric nursing (New York, N.Y.)Pooled it
- Sex differences in baseline characteristics, stroke care, and outcomes across socioeconomic settings: a multicentre study from Switzerland, Poland, and Ukraine.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on mechanical thrombectomy outcomes after acute ischaemic stroke: findings from a London-based multicentre study.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2025Article
- Rural and Urban Disparities in Access to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Large Vessel Occlusions in Colorado.Stroke · 2025Observational
- Disparities in Community-Based Rehabilitation Following Stroke: Findings From the COMPASS Trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Observational
- The association between neighborhood social vulnerability and community-based rehabilitation after stroke.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Characteristics of rehabilitation duration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Brain disorders (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Utilization of early supported discharge and outpatient rehabilitation services following inpatient stroke rehabilitation.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Referral to Community-Based Rehabilitation Following Acute Stroke: Findings From the COMPASS Pragmatic Trial.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2024Observational
- Gender-Based Disparity in Acute Stroke Imaging Utilization and the Impact on Treatment and Outcomes: 2012 to 2021.Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Striving for Socioeconomic Equity in Ischemic Stroke Care: Imaging and Acute Treatment Utilization From a Comprehensive Stroke Center.Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR · 2022Article
- Social Determinants of Health in Physiatry: Challenges and Opportunities for Clinical Decision Making and Improving Treatment Precision.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
- Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Referral patterns of stroke rehabilitation inpatients to a model system of outpatient services in Ontario, Canada: a 7-year retrospective analysis.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Geographic Variations of Stroke Hospitalization across France: A Diachronic Cluster Analysis.Stroke research and treatment · 2018Article
- Disparity in rehabilitation: another inconvenient truth.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation · 2015Article
- Socioeconomic disparities in the utilization of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke in US hospitals.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether there are disparities in postacute stroke rehabilitation based on type of stroke, race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age, socioeconomic status, geographic region, or service area referral patterns in a large integrated health system with multiple levels of care.
designCohort study tracking rehabilitation services for 365 days after acute hospitalization for a first stroke.
settingThe Northern California Kaiser Permanente Health System (approximately 3.3 million membership population)
participantsA total of 11,119 patients hospitalized for acute stroke from 1996 to 2003. The cohort includes patients discharged from acute care after a stroke. Postacute care rehabilitation services were evaluated according to the level of care ever-received within the 365 days after discharge from acute care, including inpatient rehabilitation hospital (IRH), skilled nursing facility (SNF), home health and outpatient, or no rehabilitation services.
interventionsNot applicable.
main outcome measureService delivery.
resultsPatients discharged to an IRH had longer lengths of stay in acute care. Patients with hemorrhagic stroke were less likely to be treated in an IRH. Patients whose highest level of rehabilitation was SNF were older and more likely to be women. After adjusting for age and other covariates, women were less likely to go to an IRH than men. Asian and black patients were more likely than white patients to be treated in an IRH or SNF. Also more likely to go to an IRH were patients from higher socioeconomic groups, from urban areas, and from geographic areas close to the regional rehabilitation hospital.
conclusionsThese results suggest variation in care delivery and extent of postacute care based on differences in patient demographics and geographic factors. Results also varied over time. Some minority populations in this cohort appeared to be more likely to receive IRH care, possibly because of disease severity, family support systems, cultural factors, or differences in referral patterns.
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Registered trials
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