ReviewInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2009
Confronting the next influenza pandemic with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents: why they are needed and how they might work.
Review in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Phytochemical profile, comparative evaluation of Satureja montana alcoholic extract for antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and molecular docking studies.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2023Article
- Statin Therapy and the Risk of COVID-19: A Cohort Study of the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Review
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- Development of effective anti-influenza drugs: congeners and conjugates - a review.Journal of biomedical science · 2019Review
- Neutrophils-related host factors associated with severe disease and fatality in patients with influenza infection.Nature communications · 2019Article
- The role of adjuvant immunomodulatory agents for treatment of severe influenza.Antiviral research · 2018Review
- Influenza, evolution, and the next pandemic.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2018Review
- The inflammatory response triggered by Influenza virus: a two edged sword.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2017Review
- Progress of small molecular inhibitors in the development of anti-influenza virus agents.Theranostics · 2017Review
- Lanthionine Synthetase C-Like 2 Modulates Immune Responses to Influenza Virus Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Host-directed therapies for infectious diseases: current status, recent progress, and future prospects.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Drug Repurposing Identifies Inhibitors of Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza Viruses.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2016Article
- Article
- Influenza virus pathogenicity regulated by host cellular proteases, cytokines and metabolites, and its therapeutic options.Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2015Review
- A novel systems pharmacology model for herbal medicine injection: a case using Reduning injection.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2014Article
- Article
- Adjunctive therapies and immunomodulating agents for severe influenza.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2013Review
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1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the best efforts of influenza scientists, companies and health officials to prepare for the next pandemic, most of the world's people will not have access to affordable supplies of vaccines and antiviral agents. They will have to rely on 19th century public health 'technologies' to see them through. In the 21st century, science ought to be able to provide something better. Influenza scientists study the molecular characteristics of influenza viruses and their signaling effects in cell culture and animal models of infection. While these studies have been enormously informative, they have been unable to explain the system-wide effects of influenza on the host, the increased mortality of younger adults in the 1918 influenza pandemic and the much lower mortality rates in children who were more commonly infected with the 1918 virus. Experiments by non-influenza scientists have defined common cell signaling pathways for acute lung injury caused by different agents, including inactivated H5N1 influenza virus. These pathways include several molecular targets that are up-regulated in acute lung injury and down-regulated by anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents, including statins, fibrates, and glitazones. These agents also help reverse the mitochondrial dysfunction that accompanies multi-organ failure, something often seen in fatal Influenza. Observational studies suggest that statins are beneficial in treating patients with pneumonia (there are no such studies for fibrates and glitazones). Other studies suggest that these agents might be able to 'roll back' the self-damaging host response of young adults to the less damaging response of children and thus save lives. Research is urgently needed to determine whether these and other agents that modify the host response might be useful in managing H5N1 influenza and the next pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.