ArticleNature2009
Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz.
Article in Nature, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 191 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
191 citing papers in PubMed, 353 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quarantine-associated viral pathogens in non-human primates: pathobiology, diagnostic surveillance, control strategies, and one health implications.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Ancestral reconstruction supports that loss of Nef-mediated T cell modulation coincided with the emergence of pathogenic lentiviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary characterization of antiviral SAMD9/9L across kingdoms supports ancient convergence and lineage-specific adaptations.Nature ecology & evolution · 2025Article
- Taxonomic variation in immune response strategies among primates.Genes and immunity · 2025Review
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- Distribution and prevalence ofJournal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Ancient convergence with prokaryote defense and recent adaptations to lentiviruses in primates characterize the ancestral immune factors SAMD9s.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Local genetic adaptation to habitat in wild chimpanzees.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Article
- Replicative fitness and pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses in lymphoid tissue, primary human and chimpanzee cells: relation to possible jumps to humans.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Functional Characterization of the Ancestral Nef Protein of Primate Lentiviruses.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Article
- Barriers to chimpanzee gene flow at the south-east edge of their distribution.Molecular ecology · 2023Article
- Comparative physiological anthropogeny: exploring molecular underpinnings of distinctly human phenotypes.Physiological reviews · 2023Review
- Widespread extinctions of co-diversified primate gut bacterial symbionts from humans.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Host-Parasite Coevolution in Primates.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- A review of Gabonese gorillas and their pathogens: Diversity, transfer and One Health approach to avoid future outbreaks?Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Review
- TheFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
131 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 13 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
African primates are naturally infected with over 40 different simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs), two of which have crossed the species barrier and generated human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Unlike the human viruses, however, SIVs do not generally cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in their natural hosts. Here we show that SIVcpz, the immediate precursor of HIV-1, is pathogenic in free-ranging chimpanzees. By following 94 members of two habituated chimpanzee communities in Gombe National Park, Tanzania, for over 9 years, we found a 10- to 16-fold higher age-corrected death hazard for SIVcpz-infected (n = 17) compared to uninfected (n = 77) chimpanzees. We also found that SIVcpz-infected females were less likely to give birth and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization of post-mortem spleen and lymph node samples from three infected and two uninfected chimpanzees revealed significant CD4(+) T-cell depletion in all infected individuals, with evidence of high viral replication and extensive follicular dendritic cell virus trapping in one of them. One female, who died within 3 years of acquiring SIVcpz, had histopathological findings consistent with end-stage AIDS. These results indicate that SIVcpz, like HIV-1, is associated with progressive CD4(+) T-cell loss, lymphatic tissue destruction and premature death. These findings challenge the prevailing view that all natural SIV infections are non-pathogenic and suggest that SIVcpz has a substantial negative impact on the health, reproduction and lifespan of chimpanzees in the wild.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.