Trial reportJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2009
Effects of insulin and octreotide on memory and growth hormone in Alzheimer's disease.
Trial report in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of antidiabetic drugs in Alzheimer´s disease: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Pooled it
- Somatostatin in Aging: Correlations with Selected Central Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Unveiling the therapeutic potential of octreotide in treating morphine dependence.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Psychiatric and cognitive function in patients with serotonin producing neuroendocrine tumors.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- The effect of growth hormone on motor findings and dendrite morphology in an experimental Parkinson's disease model.Anatomical science international · 2025Article
- Somatostatin: Linking Cognition and Alzheimer Disease to Therapeutic Targeting.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Alzheimer's disease phenotype based upon the carrier status of the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Diabetes: Risk factor and translational therapeutic implications for Alzheimer's disease.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Article
- Insulin Resistance Exacerbates Alzheimer Disease via Multiple Mechanisms.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Beneficial effects of octreotide in alcohol-induced neuropathic pain. Role of H 2S, BDNF, TNF-α and Nrf2.Acta cirurgica brasileira · 2021Article
- Bioenergetic adaptations to HIV infection. Could modulation of energy substrate utilization improve brain health in people living with HIV-1?Experimental neurology · 2020Review
- Growth Hormone: Therapeutic Possibilities-An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Somatostatin and Neuropeptide Y in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Correlations With Amyloid Peptides AβFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Article
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 but Not Insulin Predicts Cognitive Decline in Huntington's Disease.PloS one · 2016Article
- Systemic and cerebral exposure to and pharmacokinetics of flavonols and terpene lactones after dosing standardized Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts to rats via different routes of administration.British journal of pharmacology · 2013Article
- Insulin: an emerging treatment for Alzheimer's disease dementia?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2012Review
- Somatostatin modulates insulin-degrading-enzyme metabolism: implications for the regulation of microglia activity in AD.PloS one · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both insulin alone and the somatostatin analogue octreotide alone facilitate memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since octreotide inhibits endogenous insulin secretion, the cognitive effects of insulin and octreotide may not be independent. This study tested the individual and interactive effects of insulin and octreotide on memory and plasma growth hormone (GH) levels in older adults. Participants were 16 memory-impaired (AD = 7, amnestic mild cognitive impairment = 9; apolipoprotein E [APOE] epsilon4- [no epsilon4 alleles] = 9, epsilon4+ [1-2 epsilon4 alleles] = 7), and 19 cognitively-intact older adults (APOE epsilon4- = 17, epsilon4+ = 1). On separate days, fasting participants received counterbalanced infusions of: 1) insulin (1 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)) and dextrose to maintain euglycemia; 2) octreotide (150 microg/h); 3) insulin, dextrose, and octreotide; or 4) saline. Story recall was the principal endpoint. Insulin alone facilitated delayed recall for epsilon4- patients, relative to epsilon4+ patients (P = 0.0012). Furthermore, epsilon4- patients with higher Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) scores had greater octreotide-induced memory facilitation (P = 0.0298). For healthy adults, octreotide facilitated memory (P = 0.0122). Unexpectedly, hyperinsulinemia with euglycemia increased GH levels in healthy controls (P = 0.0299). Thus, insulin and octreotide appear to regulate memory in older adults. APOE epsilon4 genotype modulates responses to insulin and octreotide. Finally, insulin may regulate GH levels during euglycemia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.