ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2009
Human neutrophils coordinate chemotaxis by differential activation of Rac1 and Rac2.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression profiling of whole blood in ipilimumab-treated patients for identification of potential biomarkers of immune-related gastrointestinal adverse events.Journal of translational medicine · 2013Trial
- RAC2 orchestrates immune cell actin remodeling and migration.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging oralFrontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Human neutrophilsImmunological reviews · 2023Review
- Neutrophils Require Activation to Express Functional Cell-Surface Complement Receptor Immunoglobulin.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 Are Differentially Expressed and Up-Regulated on Inflamed Pulmonary Epithelium, but Neither ICAM-2 nor LFA-1: ICAM-1 Are Required for Neutrophil Migration Into the AirwaysFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteric reflux and pyelonephritis.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2020Review
- The trafficking protein JFC1 regulates Rac1-GTP localization at the uropod controlling neutrophil chemotaxis and in vivo migration.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2019Article
- Pseudo-allergic reaction caused by Qingkailing injection partiallyToxicology research · 2019Article
- Overexpression of microRNA-722 fine-tunes neutrophilic inflammation by inhibitingDisease models & mechanisms · 2017Article
- Temporal gradients limit the accumulation of neutrophils towards sources of chemoattractant.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2017Article
- Regulation of a Coupled MARCKS-PI3K Lipid Kinase Circuit by Calmodulin: Single-Molecule Analysis of a Membrane-Bound Signaling Module.Biochemistry · 2016Article
- Optical Tools To Study the Isoform-Specific Roles of Small GTPases in Immune Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Intracellular signalling during neutrophil recruitment.Cardiovascular research · 2015Review
- Homer3 regulates the establishment of neutrophil polarity.Molecular biology of the cell · 2015Article
- Fluid shear stress increases neutrophil activation via platelet-activating factor.Biophysical journal · 2014Article
- Rho GTPase isoforms in cell motility: Don't fret, we have FRET.Cell adhesion & migration · 2014Review
- Hematopoietic-specific Rho GTPases Rac2 and RhoH and human blood disorders.Experimental cell research · 2013Review
- Microvesicles and intercellular communication in the context of parasitism.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2013Review
- Roles of Rho GTPases in leucocyte and leukaemia cell transendothelial migration.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Rac1 and Rac2, members of the small Rho GTPase family, play essential roles in coordinating directional migration and superoxide production during neutrophil responses to chemoattractants. Although earlier studies in Rac1 and Rac2 knockout mice have demonstrated unique roles for each Rac isoform in chemotaxis and NADPH oxidase activation, it is still unclear how human neutrophils use Rac1 and Rac2 to achieve their immunological responses to foreign agent stimulation. In the current study, we used TAT dominant-negative Rac1-T17N and Rac2-T17N fusion proteins to acutely alter the activity of Rac1 and Rac2 individually in human neutrophils. We demonstrate distinct activation kinetics and different roles for Rac1 and Rac2 in response to low vs high concentrations of fMLP. These observations were verified using neutrophils from mice in which Rac1 or Rac2 was genetically absent. Based on these results, we propose a model to explain how human neutrophils kill invading microbes while limiting oxidative damage to the adjacent surrounding healthy tissue through the differential activation of Rac1 and Rac2 in response to different concentrations of chemoattractant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.